ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Tsvetelina DIMITROVA, Lora MONDESHKA, Miroslav HRISTOV, Tsvetomira BANCHEVA, Nikolay MARKOV, Svetoslava STOYCHEVA, Silviya IVANOVA

The physicochemical parameters of kefir on the 3rd and 14th day of the storage process produced from the milk of 'Bulgarian White Dairy' (BWD) goat breed and its crossings with 'Toggenburg' (TG) and 'Anglo-Nubian’ (AN) were studied. The main groups of fatty acids in kefir on the 14th day of storage were identified and a qualitative assessment of milk fat was made based on lipid indices. The highest content of protein, fat and dry matter in kefir on the 3rd and 14th day was found in BWDxAN breed (5.42%, 5.34%; 4.77%, 4.66% and 15.84%, 15.74%), and the lowest in kefir from BWD (5.07%, 4.99%; 4.14%, 4.05%; 14.92%, 14.15%). Kefir from the milk of BWDxAN has the highest content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) predominate in kefir from BWD. The content of SFAs in the studied kefir was from 3.0g/100g to 3.59 g/100 g. Therefore, kefir products are determined as high in content of saturated fatty acids (over 1.5 g/100 g product) and low content of trans fatty acids (0.12-0.17 g/100 g product).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Ivona DIMITROVA, Milena BOZHILOVA-SAKOVA, Neviana STANCHEVA

This experiment was conducted in order to be identified the allelic and genotypic polymorphisms of FABP3 (heart-type fatty acid binding protein) gene in 30 ewes from Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population breed reared in Experimental base - Tzarev Brod - part of the Agricultural Institute - Shumen. FABP3 gene is a candidate marker that influences milk fat content and marbling of meat. Thirty blood samples were collected from v. jugularis in vacuum tubes with EDTA. Genomic DNA was extracted manually with commercial kit. By means of PCR-RFLP technique with endonuclease BseDI in exon 2 of FABP3 gene (SNP3) were determined the allele and genotype variants of the investigated animals. In this population were observed two alleles - wild allele A with frequency 0.15 and mutant allele G - with 0.85. Two different genotypes were identified - homozygous GG with frequency 0.67 and heterozygous genotype AG with frequency 0.33. Ho (observed heterozygosity) was 0.330 and He (expected heterozygosity) was 0.055. This herd was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p>0.05).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Nicoleta-Alina UDROIU, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report said that without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, limiting global warming to 1.5°C is beyond reach. According to a new IEA (International Energy Agency) analysis, CO2 emissions rose by 6% in 2021 to 36.3 billion tonnes, their highest ever level, as the world economy rebounded strongly from the Covid-19-pandemic crisis. The direct greenhouse gas emissions (COx, CH4, NOx) come mostly from agriculture (crops cultivation) and the livestock sector. Indirect reduction of CO2 emissions in livestock farms and the food and beverage industry can involve using electric motors with high energetic efficiency. Electric motors represent worldwide, around 50% of electricity consumption. A recent study highlights that if the world’s 300 million industrial motor-driven systems were replaced with optimized, high-efficiency equipment, global electricity consumption could be reduced by 10%. This paper analyses the International and European Commission Regulations for efficiency and the new Ecodesign measures for electric motors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Jola Josephien Mariane Roosje LONDOK, John Ernst Gustaaf ROMPIS

This study was conducted with the aim of measuring the hedonic quality of low cholesterol functional chicken meat through a preference test. The study was conducted on 240day-old broilers with an average body weight of Lohman strain of 44.16 ± 3.72 grams using a 3x2 factorial completely randomized design with 4 replications. As factor A is a source of oil, namely A1 fish canning waste oil (FO), A2 coconut oil (CO), and A3 pure lauric acid (LA). Factor B is the level of oil on ration, namely B1 5%, and B2 8%. 6 treatment combinations apply. The feed was given until day 35. There was no interaction between the source of oil and the levels on all variable of hedonic test of chicken meat. The organoleptic test is an assessment measure using the sensory senses and meat quality parameters consisting of colour, aroma, taste, texture tests that are tested subjectively by the panelists. Panelists like the nature and quality of a material with organoleptic testing so that someone can give an assessment. Differences in oil sources and levels do not change consumer preferences for low-cholesterol functional chicken.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Valentin FOKSHA, Vasyli KURULYUK

There are presented the results of a comparative assessment of milk productivity for 305 days of the first lactation of daughters of the local generation of the Holstein breed of various origins and their mothers, as well as a study of the variability and heritability of milk productivity traits. The studies were carried out in 2020-2021 in the herd of Joint-Stock Company "Aydın", Comrat, Administrative and Territorial Unit Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova. There was established a significant advantage in milk yield of daughters on average for the first lactation over mothers by 530 and 1240 kg of milk, respectively, of Dutch and German breeding, with P <0.001. A weak positive relationship was established between the milk yield and the fat content in milk at the offspring of the local generation of various origins (r = +0.069) at first-calf heifers of German breeding also have a weak negative relationship (r = -0.186) - first-calf heifers of Dutch breeding. The relationship between milk yield and the amount of milk fat at the descendants of German breeding is positive, the tightness of the relationship is high (r = +0.768), which is significantly greater at P <0.001 than at the descendants of the Dutch breeding - the tightness of the relationship is moderate (r = +0.366). It should be noted the high degree of heritability in milk yield for the first lactation (mother-daughter) of German breeding - 93.0%, Dutch breeding - this indicator is two times lower - 44.8%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Vladimir ZDOROVININ, Natalia PUGACHEVA, Julia KULIKOVA, Tatiana DOROFEEVA

The article shows the dynamics of total proteins and the features of protein metabolism at the fetal stage of calf development. This is important for diagnosing intestinal diseases in newborn calves due to their rather high mortality from such diseases. It was revealed that at the early fetal stage of development, a villous-cryptal gradient of the distribution of total proteins in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells is formed. With the growth of the fetus, at the midfetal stage of development, an increase in the content of total proteins is observed in the epithelial cells of the villi. In a differentiated study, it was found that the decrease in the color of total proteins in 4-5-month-old fetuses is due to the action of acidic proteins. The intensity of the reaction to the main proteins does not decrease, but even increases. In fetuses of 6 months, acidic proteins are again accumulated in epithelial cells, by birth, the ratio of acidic and basic proteins levels off. The epithelium of the large intestine at the neonatal stage undergoes adaptive histochemical restructuring.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Paula POŞAN, Laurentiu OLTEANU, Andra ŞULER, Lucica NISTOR, Camelia HODOSAN, Eugenia SOVAREL

Food additives (commonly known as E) are substances that are not normally consumed as a stand-alone food and are not used as characteristic food ingredients with or without nutritional value. The aim of the paper was to observe the presence of food additives in some products, such as cold cuts and spreads, more frequently used in children's food, which have high visibility on the shelf, due to the attractive packaging, but also advertising messages in the media. The method applied was the observation of components from the label of products for children and the determination of those that are harmful to human consumption. A questionnaire was also developed to determine consumer opinion. This study was conducted in the Bucharest area, in three large shopping centres. Sodium nitrite (E 250) is found in all foods for children under study. The parents have the obligation to choose the right nutrition for their children. 52.9% of adults admitted that they did not read the label of the food they bought. It is necessary to continuously educate consumers about potentially dangerous ingredients, added to food, reading the label, to determine their presence in the chosen product on the shelf, giving up buying food on the principle of quantity or reduced price to the detriment of quality.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Dorina NADOLU, Andreea Hortanse ANGHEL, Camelia Zoia ZAMFIR, Elena ILIȘIU

Studies in the field of goat breeding have shown that the most widely used and effective way to induce and synchronize estrus in the breeding season is the hormonal method with Chronogest sponges and the administration of Folligon and a prostaglandin. In the present study, we looked at the reproductive performance of a batch of 148 Alpina goats synchronized in April with Chronogest sponges maintained intravaginally for 11 days and the injection of 400 IU Folligon without prostaglandin administration. Artificial insemination with frozen semen was performed 43 +/- 2 hours after the removal of the sponges and the following reproductive aspects were established: the degree of the cervix opening at the time of artificial insemination, ultrasound diagnosis of 50 days gestation after artificial insemination with the identification of cases of pseud-gestation (4.05%), the rate of calving (56.76%) and prolificacy (310.71%). In farm conditions, specific to our country, the exclusion of prostaglandin administration decreases the risk of abortions by lysis of luteal bodies in possibly pregnant goats at the time of treatment and insemination.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Corneliu-Ion NEACSU, Alexandru-Gabriel VARTIC, Oana-Corina DORDESCU, Petru-Gabriel VICOVAN, Camelia-Zoia ZAMFIR

The ever-increasing requirements for goat meat production have led to create and consolidate a specialized goat population for meat production, well adapted to local environmental conditions, within the Research and Development Institute for Sheep and Goat Breeding - Palas. The new R1 population (75% Boer and 25% Carpatina) showed superior attributes compared to Carpatina breed. During the period of intensive fattening of the kids, the R1 males achieved an average daily gain of 152 grams compared to the group of males from the Carpatina breed, in which the increase was 119 grams/day. The R1 hybrids had 2.75 percentage points more muscle tissue in the carcass and 3.11 percentage points less bones than the Carpatina kids. The adult goats in the newly created population had a body compactness index with values between 84.26 and 94.31 and the muscularity index of the gigot had values of 245.58 - 249.01. In regards to our research was observed the superiority of R1 Boer x Carpatina goats compared to the Carpatina breed regarding to the meat production and the quality of carcass.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Dragos Mihai LAPUSNEANU, Roxana ZAHARIA, Ioan Mircea POP

Food safety hazards associated with compound feed can be physical, chemical and biological. The paper aims to conduct a study during 2019 and 2020, on the production of compound feed in relation on food safety, by physical analysis of samples of raw materials (corn grains, wheat grains) used in the production of compound feed from two feed mills from Romania, called in the paper "unit A" respectively "unit B". Regarding the hazards identified in unit A, it was found that in 2019, 20 lots of corn grains (68.9%) and 9 lots of wheat grains (31%) were refused, the most common hazard identified (78.5%) being represented by their high humidity. In 2020, 17 batches of raw materials were rejected, represented by corn grains (52.9%) and wheat grains (47%); humidity was also the predominant potential hazard identified (70.5%). In the case of unit B, based on physical parameters, in 2019, 22 batches of corn grains (91.6%) and two batches of wheat grains (8.3%) were refused; the most frequently identified hazard (58.3%) was the presence of sprouted and moldy grains. In 2020, 53 batches of raw materials were rejected, represented by corn grains (79.2%) and wheat grains (20.7%); the most frequently identified hazard was beetle infestation (50.9%). It can be concluded that in the production process of compound feed it is mandatory the physical analysis of raw materials to determine potential hazards; this goal is achieved in the units studied, the results highlighting the effectiveness of specific food safety control processes.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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