Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Valentina CEBOTARI, Ion BUZU
The aim of this scientific paper was to identify and highlight the innovative technology of conservation and valorisation of the bee species Apis mellifera Carpatica in the conditions of climate change. Scientific research has been conducted on bee populations growth in the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology. Research results have shown that the sustainable selection of purebred bee families, with the application of innovative methods of genetic amelioration in climate change, contributes to the conservation of the population with an appropriate level of development of morpho-productive traits. The conservation of bee populations requires their protection from pesticide residues, which are more and more common in the flowers of some entomophilous agricultural plants. Knowledge of the most dangerous and widespread pesticide residues, identification of ecological biotopes, are necessary actions of technology for the conservation of bee populations. The maintenance of bee families in comfortable and ecological hives is one of the technological methods that ensure the conservation of the species and race of bees Apis mellifera Carpatica. The hives of vertical models have comfort advantages for bees, compared to the horizontal ones, and ensure an increase of the prolificacy of the queens - by 3.5% (td = 2.07; P <0.05), of the family power - by 6.0% (td = 2.41; P <0.05) and honey production by 19.1% (td = 5.33; P <0.001) and an economic efficiency of at least 23.8 euros per family of bees. Feeding bee families during poor harvesting periods in the wild with nutritious supplements, enriched with biologically active substances of different organic origin, contributes to strengthening the vital activity of bee families, ensuring the increase of queen prolificacy and the number of brood capacity by 7.7-45.9%; family power by 9.3-16.9%; flight intensity of bees by 6.8-7.7%; disease resistance by 5.0-8.4%; winter hardiness by 10.5%; the amount of wax raised in the nest by 36.7-39.3%; the amount of pasture with 23.3-27.6% and the amount of honey accumulated in the nest with 19.6-38.9%. Rational use of Apis mellifera Carpatica species and bee race can be achieved by exploiting bee families not only for obtaining bee products, but also for their use in the directed pollination of entomophilous agricultural crops that contribute to the increase of fruit harvest in orchards by 15-30 % and sunflower seeds with 21.3-36.3%.
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