ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Gökhan FİLİK, Mustafa BOĞA

The egg is one of the sources of animal protein, which is obtained easily and cheap in all around the world. The potential of egg production in the poultry industry in Turkish Republic (TR) is located in the top rankings. The importance of the poultry industry in TR has increased together with intensely increase of avian influenza especially in European countries. Although TR have unplanned and unbalanced development in the egg production industry, it is one of the largest egg producers among the EU countries. Additionally, the egg production industry is growing rapidly in TR, but use of own parents for hybrid production materials (hybrid of the egg-laying hens) is very few. The aim of present study was to evaluate egg production level in European Union vs. Turkish Republic. This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: ZRT.E2.16.006

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Laura URDEȘ, Marius HANGAN, Cristiana DIACONESCU, Monica MARIN, Mihai GÎDEA

This is a case report out of a series of epidemiological studies within fish populations inhabiting the Danube Delta area, of which aim is to gather data on Eustrongylides spp epidemiology, with emphasis on the relationship between host, agent and environment-associated factors, as well as on food safety potential hazards. This investigation has been carried out on zander (Sander lucioperca) between August-November 2016, into a fish processing plant which currently produces fillets for internal and external markets. The fish had been gathered by industrial fishing from the RazelmSinoe area. Following the investigation it resulted that the disease prevalence was over 90 %, with an average of 5-7 larvae/fish fillet (min. 3, max. 10 larvae per fish). Main sites of location are: muscle, gonads, intestine and peritoneum. Most of the larvae were encysted (parasitic nodules of 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter). The study results indicate that there is an increasing consumer’s risk associated with the existence of Eustrongylides spp. larvae in fish destined to human consumption, as well as there is a potential of releasing the nematode into new areas, including on fishery farms. Hence, communication of the risk associated to the existence of Eustrongylides spp. within the Danube Delta area, and recommendation of specific biosecurity measures to help prevent the nematode from releasing/establishing into fishery farms in Europe should be called upon.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Gratziela Victoria BAHACIU, Ehud ELIA, Florentina DUMITRACHE, Monica Paula MARIN, Elena POGURSCHI, Liliana BĂDULESCU

One of the fastest growing sectors in food service industries is that of frozen foods. Beside the volume, the effective management of interdependent operations regarding the production, storage, distribution and retailing of frozen foods ("the cold chain") is a key factor of success and a must for preserving the safety and quality of frozen foods. Therefore, the main concern is to regulate the aspects regarding safety, identification, quality, labelling and advertising of foods, in order to inform and protect the consumer, establish the traceability of the product and also to sustain a fairtrading. The final goal of this research is to presents the relevant standards for two categories of foods, related to hygiene, food additives, pesticide residues, contaminants, labelling and presentation, along with the proper methods for sampling and analysis. The paper will present key recommendations for processing, handling, distribution and storage of frozen beef meat and fish.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Diana KIRIN, Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA, Sonya SHUKEROVA

During 2016, 45 specimens of freshwater bream (Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)) are collected and examined from the Danube River. Helminth parasites are recorded in 29 freshwater bream specimens (64.44%) from the Danube River. Five species of parasites were identified: one trematode species (Asymphylodora imitans (Mühling, 1898)), three acantocephalans (Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776), Acanthocephalus anguillae (Müller, 1780), Pomphorhynchus tereticollis (Rudolphi, 1809)) and one nematode species (Raphidascaris acus, (Bloch, 1779), larvae). In the component community of Abramis brama from Danube River A. imitans and A. lucii are core species. P. tereticollis is component parasite species for the helminth communities of freshwater bream. A. lucii and R. acus are accidental parasite species for the helminth communities of A. brama. New data for the lead contents in sediments, parasites, tissues and organs of freshwater bream from the Danube River are presented. From the tissues and organs of the studied fish specimens Abramis brama, the lowest concentrations of lead were found in the muscles. The content of lead in the samples of skin and liver are higher than in the muscles. The acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus tereticollis showed significantly higher content of lead than its host organs. Bioconcentration factor for lead (Pb) in the tissues and organs of freshwater bream were presented and discussed with respect to their content in sediments. Very significant correlation (p<0.001) was fixed for relationship between P. tereticollis Pb -Sediments Pb.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Diana KIRIN, Sonya SHUKEROVA, Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA

During 2016, 45 specimens of barbel (Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758)) and 45 specimens of bleak (Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758)) are collected and examined from the Danube River. The aim of the study is to analyse the lead content in sediments, tissues and organs of two fishes that inhabit different water levels and in their common parasite - P. tereticollis from the Bulgarian section of River Danube. New data for the lead contents in sediments, parasites, tissues and organs of barbel and bleak from the Danube River are presented. From the tissues and organs of the studied fish specimen B. barbus, the lowest concentrations of lead were found in skin, while in A. alburnus the lowest concentrations of lead were found in muscles. The acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus tereticollis showed significantly higher content of lead than its hosts tissues and organs. Bioconcentration factor for lead (Pb) in the tissues and organs of barbel and bleak and their common parasite Pomphorhynchus tereticollis were presented and discussed with respect to their content in sediments. Highly significant correlation (p<0.01) was fixed for relationship between P. tereticollis Pb-Skin Pb for Barbus barbus. Highly significant correlation (p<0.01) was also fixed for relationship between P. tereticollis Pb-Sediments Pb for Alburnus alburnus.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Vasile DREVE, Ion CĂLIN, Bogdan BAZGĂ

The paper intends to identify the main trends of the Romanian sheep and goat sector, after the accession to the EU, based on the analysis of the specific indicators regarding sheep and goat livestock and the production at national and EU level, using the data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Institute for Statistics and European Commission. Sheep and goats are mainly present in Central, North-Eastern and South-Western Romania. About 362 thousand farmers are sheep breeders and 127 thousands are goat breeders. The average farm size is about 28.5 heads for sheep and 10.8 heads for goats. The sheep livestock increased by 29% in the analyzed period accounting for 12.288 thousands heads in 2015 and the goat livestock increased by 45%, accounting for 1.839 thousand heads in 2015. Mutton and goat meat production increased from 134 thousand tonnes in 2007 to 182 thousand tonnes in 2015. Sheep and goat milk production increased from 469 thousands litres in 2007 to 701 thousands litres in 2015. As a conclusion, sheep and goat sectors registered a increase after the accession in terms of livestock and both for meat and milk production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Sevgi ŞİMŞEK, Azim ŞİMŞEK, Birol KILIÇ

This review study aimed to give information about the use of plant extracts in meat product processing as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. Microbial spoilage and lipid oxidation are the major causes of the deterioration and reduction of shelf-life in meat products. Lipid oxidation in meat products results in formation of off-flavors and undesirable chemical compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons. Growth of microorganisms in meat products causes not only microbial spoilage but also development of food borne diseases. To inhibit lipid oxidation and growth of microorganisms, especially pathogenic microorganisms in meat products, several preservation techniques, such as pasteurization, reduction of water activity (salting, drying, freezing etc.), acidification, fermentation, synthetic and natural antimicrobial and antioxidant additives have been used in meat industry. Many synthetic and natural food additives such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate, α-tocopherol, nisin and organic acids are commonly used in the meat industry to inhibit or delay the oxidation process and reduce the microbial growth. In recent years, consumer demands for natural food additives have increased because of negative and toxic effects of synthetic food additives on human health. Herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables, and their powders, oils and extracts have been reported to be a good source of various phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids, could therefore be incorporated in meat products as a source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials to extend shelf-life and safety of meat products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Serhat AKYILDIZ, Muzaffer DENLI

Various kinds of antibiotics have been used extensively as growth promoters in animal feeds for a large number of years, especially in the fields of poultry production. As a result of the decision to ban of the antibiotics in livestock production researches on plant extracts as alternatives to the use of growth promoters (antibiotics) has significantly increased. Many novel natural candidate replacements including probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids and plant extracts and essential oils have been applied to maintain good production. Recently, herb and plant extracts have been received a great attention to be fed to poultry as feed additives to improve and increase production. The most commonly studied plants to be used in animal nutrition are cinnamon, oregano, cumin, garlic, sumac, cloves, anise, mint, coriander and ginger. Researchers have shown that these extracts are the powerful stimulators of the immune and animal digestive systems as well as highly beneficial effects in poultry nutrition due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticoccidial and anthelmintic properties. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the recent knowledge on the use of plant extracts in poultry feeds as feed additives and their effects on the poultry performance.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Viola PRIFTI

Management and conservation of Ohrid trout, the most important endemic species of this lake, is one of the main issues of collaboration between the two transboundary states. The decline of fishing amount during the years is improved by the artificial fertilization of koran applied both in Macedonia and Albania. Thereby, lake Ohrid reinhabited with about one million offsprings of Salmo letnica per year, only from the Albanian part. The technical enhancement of artificial fertilization makes possible the considerable increase of the koran amount in the hunting period. Meanwhile, the koran summer form, Salmo letnica aestivalis has resulted in a decrease of the fishing amount according to data fishermen. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the management of koran artificial fertilization is directly connected with the fishing amount. So the enlargement of artificial fertilization even in summer time, for the Albanian part, will result in the fishing summer form increased.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Ion BUZU

The aim of the research was to: elaboration a method for estimating the value of Karakul breeding rams through the construction and applying selection complex indexes. The research was conducted on Moldavian Karakul sheep at the flock of National Institute of Animal Livestock and Veterinary Medicine, Maximovca village, Anenii Noi district, Republic of Moldova. In this paper has been examined the methodology of constructing complex index of breeding rams selection of Moldavian Karakul race. It was found that, prior, for construction selection index complex has been reduced the number of characters and appropriation of lambs skin evaluation marks from 29 to 7, and the latter have been synthesized into a single character - Class lamb expressed in points after the decimal system. Have been identified three basic morpho-productive characters (skins quality of descendents, own body weight, milk production of maternal ram) and followed by the selection of breeding rams. It was been determined the economic value (share) of each selection character in the total income of one animal per year. For each selection character in part was been calculated coefficient phenotype aggregate (Cfa), which allows expression of the value of each character in unique units of measure, using the following formula:
Cfa = Pve / Ms(1)
where, Cfa – coefficient phenotype aggregate;
Pve – share the economyc value of selection character;
Ms – phenotype standard size of selection character
Having the aggregate phenotype coefficient for each character selection basis, we have built complex selection index of ram, after following formula:
Ics = (Mfp ∙ Cfap) + (Mfmc∙ Cfamc) + (Mfpl ∙ Cfapl) (2)
where, Ics – selection complex index of ram;
Mfp – phenotype size of skin quality of rams descendents;
Cfap – coefficient phenotype aggregate of skin character;
Mfmc – phenotype size of own body weight of ram;
Cfamc – coefficient phenotype aggregate of body weight character;
Mfpl – phenotype size of mothers ram milk production;
Cfapl – coefficient phenotype aggregate of milk production.

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