ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Mala-Maria STAVRESCU-BEDIVAN, Petre Bogdan MATEI, Laura Daniela URDEŞ

A fishing survey conducted at the end of October 2014 in Cişmigiu Gardens from Bucharest, revealed that length - weight relationship (LWR) in the cyprinid Carassius gibelio was influenced both by environmental conditions and small length range of specimens caught. The LWR for a total of 94 unsexed Gibel carp, examined from the very next day of sampling was calculated as: TW = 0.0055 TL 3.6303. Similar with other biometric case studies conducted on this species in the specialized literature, our report has limitations like narrow-sized specimens, but this is because in sample season, the fish had not yet reached full maturity. However, to our knowledge, this is the first contribution on length-weight relationship for Carassius gibelio belonging to an anthropic lake from Bucharest.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Orhan Yilmaz, Mehmet Ertugrul

This study was conducted to define some morphological characteristics of a local type of Turkish Kangal (Karabas) Shepherd Dogs raised in Denizli province by comparing them with certain other breeds from other regions of Turkey, USA and UK. To this end, a total of 48 (39 males and 9 females) dogs were analyzed with the Minitab 16 statistical software program using ANOVA and Student’s T-Test. Descriptive statistics were for withers height 78.7 ± 0.59, height at rump78.4 ± 0.60, body length87.6 ± 1.14, heart girth circumferences 91.2 ± 0.86, chest depth36.4 ± 0.63, cannon circumferences 15.3 ± 0.20and tail length 51.0 ± 0.51 cm, respectively. The overall results of the study demonstrated that Turkish Kangal (Karabas) Shepherd Dogs raised in Denizli province had a very close resemblance to dogs raised in the UK and USA, but that they were larger than the dogs raised in other regions of Turkey. It could be because of better life conditions or higher genotypic capacity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Vasile DREVE, Ion CĂLIN, Bogdan BAZGĂ

The Russian government adopted a list of products that are banned for a period of one year from the EU, United States, Norway, Canada and Australia. These products cover almost all milk and dairy products, meat products fruits and vegetables, as well as fish and crustaceans. These restrictions put a serious pressure on the European agri-food sector because of the temporary loss of a significant commercial market and because of possible cascade effects leading to oversupply on the internal market given the volumes involved and the quantity of perishable products banned in full harvesting season. Some sectors and Member States are more heavily affected - i.e. 31% of EU milk products export, 29% of fruits and vegetables export. The overall temporary restrictions currently applied by Russia potentially jeopardize 5 billion EUR worth of trade and affects the income of 9.5 million people in the EU working on the holdings most concerned.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Stelian BARAITAREANU, Marius Alexandru CIOCANAU, Maria Rodica GURAU, Georgeta STEFAN, Doina DANES

The livestock’s surveillance of bat-borne zoonoses, as the Paramyxovirus infections with Hendra virus, Menangle virus and Nipah virus, it’s a new concern of national veterinary authorities all over the world. The high volume of commercial trade and the human travel between European countries and the countries were bat-borne zoonoses are endemic make a risk of virus introduction into the European continent. In this paper, we review the factors associated with bat-borne zoonoses risk of emergence in European free-countries in relation to the introduction of the ParamixovirusesHendra, Menangle and Nipah. Hendra virus proved to be pathogen for horses and humans, while Menangle and Nipah viruses for swine and humans. Until now, Hendra and Menangle viruses’ transmission to the humans have been only after a close contact with infected animals. Transmission of Nipahvirus can be done by contact with human patients and infected animals (human-human transmission was proved). In the light of this data the Hendra, Menangle and Nipah viruses have a limited potential of introduction if the national authorities applies an efficient border control of all live animals imported from endemic areas and evaluate all suspect cases of human diseases. The natural reservoir of all three viruses are fruit-bat species (genus Pteropus), and the bat migration may be another rout of viruses introduction into Europe. The routes of Pteropus bats migration from the endemic territories to European countries have not been investigated, and are slight indication of major migration pathways into Europe. Also, fruit-bat species classified as host reservoir for specific zoonotic Paramyxovirus could transmit the virus to another bat species (e.g. Rousettus aegyptiacus may overlap with some migratory European bat species). In conclusion, the risk of emergence of Hendra, Menangle and Nipah viruses into the European countries seems to be low, but the risk cannot be excluded until the completely investigation of the route of migration for all fruit-bat species with history of infection.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Ferda KARAKUŞ, Adem DÜZGÜN, Murat KARAKUŞ, Logman ASLAN

Ear tagging is one of the common husbandry procedures that cause not only pain and stress but also tissue reaction and infection. Reliable and non-invasive tools are needed to determine the stress and/or pain resulting from routine husbandry procedures commonly performed in farms. Thermal imaging is a non-invasive diagnostic method used in veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to determine the usability of infrared thermography in prediction of infections caused by electronic and visual ear tags in lambs. We hypothesized that reactive temperature increase within the first hour in the ear tissue in response to the ear tags would trigger the formation of infection. The study was carried out on Akkaraman lambs (n=60) reared under rural farm conditions. All lambs at two weeks of age were identified with an electronic ear tag (FDX-B, Allflex) on the left ear and an official plastic ear tag on the right ear. Before tagging, infrared images of the ear region were collected at a consistent distance from the left ear of the animal using an infrared camera (FLIR E50) in the barn. Tag insertion was performed by two practitioners at the same time. An hour after tagging, the thermal measurements of both ears were carried out again with infrared camera. The ears of lambs were individually checked in the week after tagging. The status of ear lesions was monitored until healing (about 8 weeks). Before tagging, the average thermal temperature of the left ear was measured as 16.68˚C. Electronic ear tags caused more problems than official ear tags. Infected ear rate in electronic and official ear tags was 80% and 50% respectively. Significant temperature differences existed between infected and non-infected ears (P<0.05). All ear tags that caused further increase in reactive temperature resulted in an inflammatory reaction. As a result, early detection of inflammation is very crucial in terms of implementation of treatment and animal welfare. Ear lesions caused by ear tags in lambs can be early identified using infrared thermography. The preliminary findings of this study should be supported in subsequent studies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Daniela BĂDESCU, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU

In Romania there is a tradition regarding beekeeping and in last years the focus was on organic beekeeping. This type of activity is quite easy to achieve in Romania because of a large number of areas favourable to organic beekeeping, especially hills areas, where pollution has failed to penetrate and destroy the natural environment. The present paper aimed to highlight the dynamics of beekeepers which are producing ecological honey during the period 2012-2014. To achieve the objective, the case study was carried out on beekeepers who are part of Beekeepers Association from Romania, Bacău subsidiary, association who has members from one of the areas of maximum performance in this domain. The study followed two directions: both number dynamic of beekeepers who acceded to organic farming system for each of the studied years, and the evolution of the beehives number in each exploitation from one year to another. As a conclusion, the results of this case study show growth trends for the number of beekeepers who produce organic honey, while the evolution of beehives number in the apiary is weather dependent and also dependent on the efficiency of preventive treatments applied.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Mustafa Selcuk ALATAS, O Baris CITIL, Oguzhan KAHRAMAN, Abdullah OZBILGIN

Fat is typically the most variable component in milk, and is affected by many physiological and environmental factors. In dairy cattle, both the concentration and composition of milk fat are influenced by the diet. Concentration is reduced by feeding diets that contain large proportions of readily-fermentable carbohydrates (starch) and unsaturated fat. Conversely, the percentage of fat in milk can be increased by feeding rumen-inert fats. Milk fat depression is due to changes in rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and the passage of specific intermediates of biohydrogenation out of the rumen (e.g. trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid) that subsequently reduce milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland. Low milk fat tests typically occur as a result of several concurrent diet or management factors rather than as a result of a single factor. Low rumen pH is a key change in the rumen environment that may lead to flux of fatty acids through alternate pathways of ruminalbiohydrogenation. In this situation, high concentrate/low forage diets or dietary supplements of plant oils or fish oils cause a dramatic decline in milk fat secretion, whereas yields of milk and other milk components remain unchanged. If the feeding of unsaturated fats reduces the numbers or activity of fiber-digesting bacteria in the rumen, then feed intake can decrease, milk production can decrease, and milk fat concentration can decrease. This review contains the information about the milk fat depression which is caused by improper feeding. And also its huge economic losses in farm animals.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Floricel CERCEL, Mariana STROIU, Petru ALEXE

It must be pointed out that fish protein ingredients production has a growing trend all around the world because their low-cost, high nutritive quality and more concentrated protein levels. The current study refers to miofibrilar protein extraction and their characterization, from fresh carp meat. Acid pH dissolution, followed by precipitation at isoelectric pH was used as extraction method. The myofibrillar protein chemical characterization was made by taking into account the functional and rheological properties. Spray-dryer method for myofibrillar proteins solubilized at alkaline pH and acid pH and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for dry. The solubility of the muscle proteins, constituent components of protein derivatives, is a critical property that controls the other functional characteristics of the protein (emulsifying capacity, foaming and gel formation). The protein concentrates/isolates, studied by their functional properties, protein solubility and gelling characteristics, can be suitable raw materials for protein films and biodegradable coatings generation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Wiwin TANWIRIAH, ABUN and Sjafril DARANA

Cihateup duck is one of the local duck which coming from Cihateup village, Tasikmalaya District, West Java- Indonesia. This bird is very good for laying ducks with production of about 280-300 eggs. Some constraints because of limited agricultural land, as well as agricultural intensification, resulting land fallow period after harvest has in a short and limited and commonly full of pollution with pesticides. That situation makes duck productivity going down or low. For this condition requires much effort to overcome the real problem by maintaining ducks used ration and water efficiently as a priority. The research were divided into two phases, where the first phase was done to determine the efficiency of protein utilization value (EUP) dietary by means of excreta collection, and to define the requirement standard of protein and energy during growth. Twelve female ducks at 8 weeks old were used by using Scott et al. (1982) formula and carried out in two week. The second phase was aimed to evaluate the protein and energy diet levels during growth period. The protein in energy diet 300 kcal/kg was standard requirement and 2% of protein in energy diet just the same was evaluated. A Completely randomized design with four replications was used in this experiment. The parameters were feed consumption, body weight gain , feed conversion for the growth period, and age at first egg laid. Feeding trial was used 48 female Cihiateup ducks at 3 weeks old, and was carried out up until 20 weeks. The result indicated that efficiency utilization protein (EUP) dietary as big as 54.14%. The Protein and Energy requirement of female Cihateup ducks for starter, grower I and grower II phase were respectively need 17.75 percent of protein, 2,454.57 Kcal/kg; 11.79 percent of protein, 2,122.81 Kcal/kg; 7.17percent of protein and 2,207.30 Kcal/kg. Based with the two phase period, it can be concluded that female Cihateup ducks can be raised with the low energy (2,200 kcal/kg ME) and low protein (12.0%) in the growing (20 weeks) diet without any ill-effects on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion and the age of first lay.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Rodica CHETROIU, Ion CĂLIN

The growing process of kids from birth to adulthood is not a uniform process, but has a stage character, in the sense of achievement of more intense or slower growth in different periods. The assessment of growing process of the goat’s youth was performed on kids of Alba de Banat and Carpatina breeds, at S.C. Agrofam Holding Feteşti, where weighing were made at different stages, namely at birth, at age of 28 days, at weaning (45 days) and at 6 months. The research results show that the weight gain of kids is superior at Alba de Banat compared to Carpatina; also, the males recorded a higher increase in weight than the females in both breeds, and the kids resulting from single births, on total period from birth until 6 months, have a higher growth than those from twin births. The weight gain curve is upward in the period of 28 days – weaning, compared to 0-28 days; in the period after weaning, until 6 months of age, the weight gain decreased at all categories, this may be due to the stress of weaning, transition to the exclusively foddered nutrition, fodders quality compared to nutrients of the maternal milk etc.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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