ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Gabriel Dan BIRLOIU, Ștefan DIACONESCU, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

The paper presents the study done on the frame model technology used for adapting the bees the pedoclimate conditions of Romania. It is based on the observation done on four models, two widely used ones (Dadant and Layenes) and two models than provide conditions closer to the ones the bee hive experiences in nature (Warre and Dellon). Considering the current weather conditions and taking into account that bee family should have a strong development in the spring time to acquire a large quantity of bee forage in the first major harvesting of the year (harvesting canola), we concluded that the pattern of the hive most used in Romania (Dadant hive) no longer meets the requirements. To better understand the development of bee colonies in natural conditions, we began to study swarms of bees who have found shelter in hollow trees in the wilderness. By studding a swarm of bees that form a family in natural conditions (in a hollow tree and without any human intervention), we can see that they prefer a round enclosure and stat building combs from the top down. As bees begin to bring in nectar reserves, honeycomb building will continue so that the queen cans oviposition, while food reserves will be stored in the top of the hive. Bees prefer not to overcome the honeycombs with honey, and concentrate in the center where the area is more easily heated. Best results were observed in hives with an inner diameter of 25-35 cm and a height of 70-120 cm. If we take into account that the winter mat has a diameter of 26 to 30 cm, we can see that these families enclosures in the winter conditions were entirely occupied by the wintering ball and that the displacement occurred only vertically. Higher temperatures were observed above the wintering ball so than honey is kept a higher temperature, and thus keep its liquid state and be ready for consumption by the bees. If the temperature drops below a certain level and the bees only have food reserves in one side of the ball, they cannot move left or right to consume the honey and starve, even though they have food reserves in the hive. The conclusion reached after the research is that the Layens frame with the internal dimensions of 310x370 mm and a total area of 11.47 dm2 best suits this purpose, but the technology of the Layens frame model can be adapted to the pedoclimate conditions of Romania.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Iulius Sorin BĂRBUICĂ

Normal human diet, as well as the athlete’s diet, should include all the nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, water, mineral salts and vitamins. Cereals, along with tubers, roots and wild fruits, were the first human food. This study presents the nutritional value, the nutritious advantages and disadvantages and also the necessary ration of cereal and vegetables in the diet of athletes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Nicolae STANCIU, Elena POPESCU-MICLOȘANU, Minodora TUDORACHE

This paper aims to disseminate the wider application of knowledge on the welfare of rabbits, considering the majority of the factors that contribute to it. Its development was based on scientific literature, the European legislation on the protection and welfare of animals and the Code of good practice for growing rabbits. To ensure the welfare of animals a number of factors that contribute to the comfort of their condition should be considered, such as nutrition and optimum microclimate factors, selection of parent lines for calm temperament and maternal skills, specific accommodation conditions operating system used, appropriate sanitation, eliminating stress caused by improper handling, noise etc. According to these data, harboring rabbits should be made in cages of welded wire mesh whose floor has to be flat, not thinner than 2.032 mm, mesh size 19x19 mm in case of square mesh and 75x12,5 mm, if rectangular. The floor made of mesh wire with too thin mesh and too big or rough welds can cause feet problems. It is recommended that for a normal position of the animal in the cage so that they can keep their ears erect and make install, the height of the cage should be 45 cm and the temperature of the shelter between 10-20°C depending on the category of animal. Knowing and applying of all welfare conditions in addition to eliminating the discomfort and stress also influences the quantity and quality of rabbit products. Given the literature is still quite poor and fragmented, it is necessary to continue research into breeding and exploitation of rabbits, their handling during transport and slaughter, and improving their welfare standards.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Ehud ELIA, Camelia HODOȘAN, Lucica NISTOR, Florentina DUMITRACHE, Nicoleta-Alina UDROIU

The goal of the project was to establish a self-sustaining herb production unit in a soilless environment, using an aquaponic system as a bionutrient source for the plants. Aquaponic systems are closed-loop symbiotic systems of aquaculture and soilless agriculture which uses nutrient-rich water from the fish culture to irrigate and fertilize the plants, while the plants clear the water before being recirculate to the fish tank. In this process, the wastes generated by the fish (such as urine, ammonia and decomposed fish fodder) are converted by nitrifying bacteria into forms readily to be assimilated by plants. The process of building the nitrifying bacteria cultures is known as "cycling". On this process the daily values of temperature, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and pH in the fish tank water are to be assessed and controlled toward the goal of having the bacteria cultures established as quick as possible. The methodology of choice for the assessment of nitrates, nitrites and ammonia was spectrophotometric determination. After completion of cycling stage, a soilless grow bed for the plants was established. Different combinations of substrates and plants are to be tested on this stage of the project, in order to achieve the best combination of "pairs" of substrates and plants to be grown in an aquaponic setup.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Valentina CEBOTARI, Ion BUZU, Olga POSTOLACHI, Olesea GLIGA, Valeriu TODERICI

The aim of the research was the identification genotypic methods for estimating the value of bee queen improving, by their testing after qualities of descendant. The researches was conducted on the Apis mellifera Carpathian bee families, have been grown at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences. The apiary is located at stationary in a clearing at the edge of the forest. The main melliferous sources in this area are white acacia, linden and wild flora, inclusive yellow melilot. In these experiments were genotypic tested five bee queens after qualities of descendant. For this, have been formed 5 similar batches of bee families (each10 families in every batch), in which, at one time was changed old queens and implanted queens young - daughters of one of the queens - mothers supposed testing. The value of improvement queens-mothers was assessed by comparison averages method morph- productive characters of daughters bee families with the average for the entire apiary, calculating the absolute and relative difference of the averages for each character (feature) in part. At the daughter’s families were studied following morphs – productive characters: queen prolificacy, family power, resistance to disease, brood viability and honey production. The research results have shown that according of testing 5 queens after qualities descendants, through the method of comparing with average apiary, have been identified 2 queens which improve honey production. After other morph- productive characters studied, the tested queens have a neutral improvement value. At least in the studied population, it was not identified universal - ameliorative queen of all morph - productive characters. Research result have shown, that phenotypic performance of previously selected queens after their qualities and their families-parents, does not guarantee the improvement value without testing them after qualities of descendant.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Abun, Tuti WIDJASTUTI1, Kiki HAETAMI

The naturalization process of shrimp waste extract into proteoglycans with different types of binder was an attempt of making material that is expected to provide benefits to increase the productivity of livestock. This new material (proteoglycans) formed through a reaction mechanism that is highly dependent on the origin and additional components that serve as receptors (inhibitory) or activator (trigger) formation/ occurrence of adhesions (chelating) molecule at the core chain. Research has been carried out in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Poultry, Non-Ruminant and Feed Industry, and Laboratory of Feed Chemistry Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor-Sumedang. The experimental design used was completely randomized design (6 X 4), with six treatments on chemical and biological extract binding with 3 types of binders on chemical and 3 types binders of biological extraction of shrimp waste, which was repeated four times. Treatment effect was tested statistically by analysis of variance, and differences between treatments were tested by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The study was done in two stages, namely the stage of preparation (manufacture proteoglycans with the addition of three types of binders sulfate ions), and the stage of biological test. Testing products through value measurement digestibility and hematological of blood broiler. The results showed that the liquid of shrimp waste extraction (either through chemical or biological processes) can be used as a source of manufacture of proteoglycans and as a feed supplement for monogastric. The characteristic of proteoglycans product based of digestibility value with the high quality was occure both chemical and biological extract binding with potassium sulphate; the medium quality Proteoglycans product was chemical and biological processes with ammonium sulfate binder, and with sodium hidrosulphate binder. While less good quality was for chemical extract with sodium hidrosulphate binder. The number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hematocrit of blood broilers were normaly for all types of products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Elena POPESCU MICLOȘANU, Gabriel Cătălin GÎLEA, Alexandru KELEMEN

In the context of the global demographic boom, we notice a more and more obvious interest of livestock farmers’ both in streamlining animal farming and in the biodiversity of domestic species from which we may obtain a series of food products with high nutritive and organoleptic value. This phenomenon is supported, as far as duck husbandry is concerned, by the numerical evolution of the livestock for these species at global level in the interval 2009-2013. Thus, the latest data available at present (for the year 2013, FAOSTAT 2015) indicate that the livestock being reared in the world exceed 1,335 million ducks. They gain a more and more significant ratio among the domestic poultry livestock reared on a large scale, filling the third position in Europe after chicken and turkey and the second position in Asia. On the Asian continent, which has the longest tradition of consuming food products obtained from ducks, we notice a 13% increase, in Europe the increase is of 4%, in Africa of 5%, in North and South America of 7%, while Oceania is the only region where the livestock decreased by 20%, which is not insignificant at all due to the small livestock that are reared there. In this context, an international level, there is an average increase of 9%. Romania, too, follows this upward trend, the duck livestock increasing by 5% in the above-mentioned interval. An important aspect of duck husbandry is represented by the diversity, quantity and quality of the productions it provides: meat, foie gras (considered a delicacy), eggs, feathers and down of very high quality. The global production of duck meat is about 4.341 million tons, 11.5% of which is produced in European countries. The trade in this poultry totals imports of over 11.3 million ducks, 11.7% of which is performed in Europe. The main problem encountered by livestock farmers in farming certain species of duck is represented by the relatively low performances recorded in the reproduction activity, which decreases the farm’s profitability and makes it difficult to improve the poultry populations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Kusmajadi SURADI, Eka WULANDARI, Indah PERMATASARI

Acids, essential oils, saponins and flavonoids compounds in lime juice is expected to improve the storage life of culled layer hens meat. The research’s aim is to obtain a correct concentration of lime juice as marinade of culled layer hens meat that can extend storage life with an acceptable acidity. Research carried out experiments in the laboratory using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments. It were 4 treatments of concentration of lime juice as a marinade of the meat (10, 20, 30, and 40%), and 1 treatment without marinade of lime juice. Each treatment had 5 times replication, so there were 20 treatments. The measured variables are early decay, total bacteria, pH, and acceptability of culled layer hens meat which had various treatments of lime juice concentration and without the treatment of lime juice. The results showed that concentrations of lime juice significantly affect extended early decay and total bacteria, but not significantly affect on pH of culled layer hens meat. Increasing concentrations of lime juice is followed by an increasing in pH, increasing in the storage life and decreasing the amount of bacteria.The meat accidity up to 30% lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) marinade can still be accepted by the panelists.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Marian OCHEA, Manuela PASCAL, Alexandru ŞONEA, Alin Ion BÎRŢOIU

FSH is an important component of superovulations programs in the cow, its administration being made routinely intramusculary, at 12 hours intervals for 4 days. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacity of singledose FSH administration on a mixed route (epidural and intramusculary). 6 cows (Holstein and Montbéliarde) were superovulated according to the following protocol: on day 0 – vaginal application of progesterone spiral (PRID®, CEVA, France); day 7- administration of FSH (Folltropin-V®, Bioniche, Canada) 200 mg epidurally and 200 mg intramusculary; day 9 – administration of 250 mg D- sodium cloprostenol (Prostol®, Syva, Spain) and removal of PRID. Response monitorization was made by ultrasound exams of the ovaries on days 12 (during estrus) and 19 (the day of embrion collection). On average, 14 follicles (minimum 8, maximum 20) and 9 corpora lutea (minimum 6, maximum 12) were identified per donor compared to 15 follicles (min 8 max 22) and 9.5 corpora lutea (7 minimum, maximum 12) per donor in the routine protocols. The results show a very close efficacy to those obtained by classical protocol with daily intramuscular administration of FSH. Due to the epidural administration of FSH, deduction of stres for the donor and of the time of treatment, the method can be used in the protocols of embryotransfer in the cow.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Ayse Ozge DEMIR, Nihat MERT

This study has been carried out in order to determine the polymorphic traits of various biochemical parameters in goat breeds which are native to Turkey. For this purpose, Angora and Hair goat breeds were chosen as live materials. Two different herds for each breed were selected from Ankara and Antalya, respectively. Blood samples were taken from a total of 120 goats aged between 2 and 4 which was made up of 60 Angora goats and 60 Hair goats. All which derived equally from 4 lots of herds. Analyses were performed for the polymorphic determination of the haemoglobin (Hb), transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and glutathione (GSH). Hb types were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and Tf types were detected by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Furthermore, Cp and GSH analyses were performed by spectrophotometrically. Following the analysis, Hb types were found as 3 genotypes (AA, AB, BB) controlled by 2 allel genes (HbA, HbB). Tf types were found as 6 genotypes (AA, AB, AC, BB, BC, CC) controlled by 3 allele genes (TfA, TfB, TfC). Findings for Hb were in line with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in Angora goats while the Hair goat was not found to be in line. Moreover, Tf was found in line with the HWE for 2 separate goat breeds. The levels of Cp and GSH of two breeds were significantly different from other (P<0.0001). The findings are recorded as a source of reference for prospective polymorphism studies.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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