ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Khusnul KHOTIMAH, Karina Restu FITRIANA, Ratu SAFITRI, Mia MIRANTI, Lobo Balia ROOSTITA, Hartati CHAIRUNNISA

Research about characterization of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. origin from bovine colostrum in some types of formula encapsulation has been done. The research method was carried out experimentally using a factorial Completly Randomized Design with two factor: a x b, the value of a and b depend on the level of each treatment, which a was bacteria that encapsulated in some types of formula and b was characterization of probiotic test, with three times repetition. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with a level of 95%, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that L. paracasei in alginate tapioca and L. curvatus in alginate skim had high viability during storage of 4 weeks with each of the bacterial population were 2,98 x 1010 CFU/ml and 2,25 x 1010 CFU/ml. Bacteria L. curvatus encapsulated in alginate skim had the highest resistant to the acidic environment of pH 2 and 4 with each of the bacterial population were 1,02 x 103 CFU/ml and 3,69 x 105 CFU/ml and resistant to bile salt concentration of 0.3% and 0 , 5% with each of the bacterial population were 3,5 x 1010 CFU/ml and 2,4 x 1010 CFU/ml. The supernatant of L. curvatus in alginate skim also had the highest antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium with each inhibitory diameter was 20.83 mm and 12.67 mm. Encapsulation formula, especially the combination of alginate and skim milk, can protect the probiotic during processed, storage, and applied in digestive tract.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Anca ROMAN-POPOVICI, Dan SUMOVSCHI, Ioan GÎLCĂ

The study of the average performance regarding the results in national competitions for the horses from the Romanian Sport Breed (RSB) is particularly important. Thus, by studying the averages nationally competitive results we can form an idea about the performance level in dressage for this population. The objective of this study was to analyze the differences between the horses from RSB regarding competition level, sex and origin, and to investigate the impact of these factors on the average competition results for the last 3 years. For this research we examine all the horses legitimated FER from RSB participants in national dressage tests, divided in 2 groups for origin variable and 3 groups for competition level and sex variables. Data were manipulated and analyzed using SPSS Version 21 for Windows (IBM, USA). The results of the statistical analyze show that for the sex variable in case of the RSB legitimated FER from national state studs evaluated as being significantly different (p<0.001) for variable competition results at FE level in 2012, (p<0.01) for variables competition results at BA level in 2012 and competition results in 2012, (p<0.05) for variable competition results. Also, the results show that from the distribution of RSB legitimated FER participants in national dressage tests, 62.5% participate at FE level (the lower difficulty level) and only 12.5% at BA level (the highest difficulty level). Must be noted that the last year in which the RSB horses participated at BA level was 2012, and from 2012 to 2014 the number of RSB horses participants in national dressage tests been halved. In conclusion we can say that the present research work demonstrate that the role of RSB horses in dressage is abruptly decreasing and the only levels in which this horses are still present are the lower difficulty levels.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Minodora MANU, Marilena ONETE, Virgil IORDACHE

The study was made in 2013 - 2014, in Trascău Mountains, situated in the south-eastern part of the Apuseni Mountains (Western Carpathians), in their southern limit, represented by the Ampoi valley. In order to determine the mite diversity, 300 soil samples were investigated from twelve grassland ecosystems, taking into account the pollution level source (an old chimney plant, which provided heavy metals pollutants: As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ni). The altitude of grasslands varied from 464 m to 958 m, and the distance from pollution source from 975 m to 3200 m. In total, 4447 individuals were counted, belonging to the following mite orders: Trombidiformes (5.42 %), Sarcoptiformes (72.65 %) and Mesostigmata (21.92 %). In order to assess the diversity aspects of edaphically mites, a comparative analyse was made between the natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. The highest mite diversity was recorded in natural area (grassland G12 - on 3146.52 m distance from pollution source), with 639 individuals, belonging to the 14 mite families and Shannon_H index by 1.412. On the opposite is grassland G9 (on 1311.65 m distance from pollution source), with 253 individuals from 8 families and Shannon_H index by 0.573. Dominant mites were oribatids, decomposers of the organic matter, followed by the mesostigmatids (mostly represented by Ascidae, Laelapidae and Rhodacaridae families, which are predators). The similarity of mite presence and composition was assessed using Jaccard and respectively Bray-Curtis dendrograms. Evidence from Shannon evenness, Shannon-Weaver diversity and Simpson dominance indexes indicate that in the areas with a low taxa diversity, there is a dominance of few species with individuals unequally distributed between plots.Each investigated grassland ecosystems were characterized by characteristically mite diversity. This study represents a valuable argument for using the soil mite fauna as bioindicators.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Oguzhan KAHRAMAN, Abdullah OZBILGIN, M. Selcuk ALATAS, O. Baris CİTİL

Ruminant animals play an important role in the food chain for evaluate cellulose and non-protein nitrogenous (NPN) compounds absorbed partially or not by other farm animals and humans. However, ruminant animals also bring some disadvantages. Methane, produced as a natural consequence of the ruminal digestion and it is a potential green house gas, is a problem, both ecologically and economically. Methane emissions from ruminant livestock are a contributor to total global anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases which have a global warming potential. Also methane produced by ruminants represents a loss of energy for ruminants. Methane is formed in the fore-stomach (reticulorumen, more commonly known as the rumen) of ruminants by a group of microbes called methanogens, which form a subgroup of the domain Archaea. Their effect on producing methane is mentioned. In this review, current approaches towards mitigation of methane in pastoral farming are summarised. The strategies to diminish methane output from livestock are required for ecological and economical dairy production. Research strategies based on vaccination, enzyme inhibitors, phage, homoacetogens, feed supplements, and animal selection are reviewed. Numerous studies have been completed on use of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) in substitute for chemical feed additives because some of them modify rumen fermentation and reduce CH4 production. Also this review describes the basic conceptual aspects of ruminal methanogenesis, which is a way of keeping a low H2 pressure in the rumen by reducing CO2, and steps where it may be possible to intervene to reduce CH4 production

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Iulius Sorin BĂRBUICĂ

In order to ensure the energy, plastic and catalytic needs, the human consumes food. The consumption of milk and cheese leads to good physical development and also increases the physical resistance, which is also essential in sport activities. The food is a product made of nutrients. Milk and dairy products are also categories of nutritious foods. This paper presents a study on the nutritional value of the milk and dairy products, the advantages and disadvantages of their use in athletes’ nutrition and the ration required.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Minodora TUDORACHE, Ioan CUSTURA, Ilie VAN, Maria Antoaneta POPA

Meat quality and control of meat quality in poultry production are requiring a good management through whole production chain aiming both performances improvement with the raise of profitability and production of products at required quality standard. This study was performed with the aim to observe a poultry meat quality index compulsory inside the European Union because of the free food products trade inside the Union. Experiments were performed inside Avicola Crevedia during two years and with two industrial chicken hybrids (ROSS 308 and COBB 500) with the aim of finding the influence of both hybrid and production season on total chicken meat protein content. During firs year of experiment total protein content of ROSS 308 hybrids had values between 17.4272 g (season 1) and 17.4688 g (season 2) with difference non-significant statistically. COBB 500 hybrids had total chicken meat protein content between 18.3196 g and 18.3960 g (NS). Differences between average values of the two tested hybrids were highly significant statistically both in first and second season (respectively t=4.9332*** and t=5.2795***). Results were similar during the second year of the experiment with carcass protein content values between 17.4472 g and 17.4032 g in ROSS 308 hybrids and between 18.5392 g and between 18.6212 g in COB 500 hybrids (NS). Like in the previous year, differences between the two hybrids for the analyzed parameter were highly significant statistically which allows us to affirm the superiority of COBB 500 hybrid.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Nicolae EREMIA, Andrei ZAGAREANU, Susana MODVALA, Angela CHIRIAC

In the spring time sometimes Nosema occurs and as a result we have a number of essential losses, such as lots of dead bee families, as well weak families with a small number of bees because of their low resistance. One of the methods by which it is possible to increase growth and productivity of bee families is early stimulating nutrition. The purpose of the investigation is to study the stimulating feeding of bees during spring time with using of probiotic. Using of "Bilaxan" probiotic in bees feeding stimulates increasing of bee families power raised in horizontally hives by 8.29%, queens prolificacy and caped brood with 2.51-31.41% and productivity by 12.24% and respectively in multistage hives with 3.89-5.56%; 8.48-32.45%, and 4.94-12.47%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Rodica CHETROIU, Ion CĂLIN

The paper studies the characteristics of the goats’ breeds Alba de Banat and Carpatina, in terms of fur aspect, exterior particularities, assessing the body development level and body indices determination. For determining the goats’ body development level, the somato-metrical method was used, in which animal body measurements were made, at females inlactations1, 2and 3 and at males of ages1, 2 and 3 years and, based on these, the following statistical indicators were calculated: average, variance, standard deviation, standard error of the average and coefficient of variation. The results of body measurements performed at Alba de Banat show that the superior line of the animal body describes an upward trend from the anterior train to the back train, medium size (67.467 ± 0.886 cm for females and males 72.278 ± 0.932 cm) and back train more developed than the anterior (for females, the height at croup 68.500 ± 0.753 cm, for males 73.278 ± 0.651 cm). At Carpatina breed, the superior line of the animal body also describes an upward trend from the anterior train to back train, medium size (67.033 ± 1.033 cm for females and 71.833 ± 1.070 cm for males) and back train more developed than the anterior train (for females, the height at croup 68.033 ± 0.902 cm, 72.167 ± 1.054 cm for males). The values calculated of body indices (lateral body format index, transverse body format index, skeleton index, massiveness index) show that the animals fit in the morpho-productive type of milk. Regarding the characteristics of goats breeds exploited in the farm of S.C. AGROFAM HOLDING FETEŞTI, the research results has shown that they fit within the breed’s standard.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Mădălin GAVRILĂ, Gheorghe Emil MĂRGINEAN, Livia VIDU

The submitted report has not proposed a description of the welfare of cattle, but is mainly aimed at highlighting the fact that the animal is not an "object" that man can exploit at will, without being interested in providing an optimal environment. Animals are living souls who have needs, needs which if understood and if a good relationship between man and animal is kept, one can speak of maximum yields and even record. The first definition of animal welfare was proposed by the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare and supported by the World Society for the Protection of Animals (based in Boston, USA). This first statement presented, in the first part, animal welfare as "the degree to which the requirements for physical, behavioral and psychological needs of the animal are satisfied." In the second part of the definition,a negative concept is presented, for animals that are dependent on humans, known as the five freedoms simultaneously: 1- ensuring access to fresh water and food; 2-ensure appropriate environment, including watering and comfort; 3- prevention of pain, injury, rapid diagnosis and treatment of wounds; 4- elimination of fear and mental suffering; 5- providing space, facilities and the company of other animals to express normal behavior. The concept of animal welfare must be made common knowledge to all the employees in the farm. The idea that animal welfare depends on their behaviorand their behavior towards animals may induce or prevent fear response and undesirable emotional state should be transmitted and understood.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Gabriel Dan BIRLOIU, Ștefan DIACONESCU, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

The paper presents the study done on the frame model technology and its effects on productivity. The productivity of a bee family is correlated with the hive’s productive capacity, the micro-climate conditions and the volume available for the optimal growth of the bee family. For finding solutions that limit the negative influence that a certain hive model has on a bee family, the paper aims to compare the two main frame technologies used in apiculture. The study was made using numerically equal bee families, kept in the same conditions and under the same preventive treatments, with the purpose of determining their productive capacity and development patterns.

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