ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Babak DARABIGHANE, Ali MAHDAVI, Eleni KASAPIDOU

Given the currently increased focus of researchers on applications of medicinal herbs as a natural additives to animal and poultry feed for enhanced performance of the immune system, the present study aims to examine effects of peppermint, Aloe vera, and Vitamin E on immune response in broilers. In this experiment, three hundred one-day old male broilers (Ross 308) were used on a completely randomized design in 4 groups with 5 replicates, each consisting of 15 broilers. The experimental groups included the control group (basal diet with no additive), a group that received 10 g/kg dry peppermint leaves (added to basal diet), a group given 10 g/kg Aloe vera gel (added to basal diet), and a group treated with 100 mg/kg Vitamin E. Evaluation of antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus indicated that on day 27, the highest level of antibody titer was observed in the Vitamin E group, showing a significant difference from other groups (P<0.05) except for the group that received the dry peppermint leaves. On day 37, the highest level of antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus was found in the Vitamin E group with a significant difference compared to the herb groups (the groups that received dry peppermint leaves and Aloe vera gel) as well as the control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, on days 27 and 37, the groups that received dry peppermint leaves and Aloe vera gel showed significant increase in their antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results after injection of phytohemagglutinin-P on day 40 demonstrated that broilers in the Aloe vera gel group and those belonging to the dry peppermint leaves group significantly enhanced their response to phytohemagglutinin-P solution compared to the control group and to the broilers that were given Vitamin E (P<0.05). On day 42, a significant increase was observed in total white blood cell counts of broilers in the Aloe vera gel group and the dry peppermint leaves group compared to the control broilers, although the largest number of white blood cell was found in the broilers that received Vitamin E (p<0.05). In general, our results showed that supplementation of broiler feed with either dry peppermint leaves or Aloe vera gel enhances immune response.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Adrian BOTA, Florin GRIGORE, Gheorghe Emil MARGINEAN

There is considered that if buffalo cow fertilization has not occurred before entering the barn to be protected against the cold weather of the winter she will get in anestrous state and new heats will delay for a long time. The present paper refers to the results of a prostaglandin PGF2α derivate treatment of 44 cases of after calving anestrous in buffalo cows registered during the housing period in the last 4 years. The buffalo cows aged between 6 and 14 years. The time interval from the former last heat was over 90 days. The treatment consists of intra muscular injection 2 ml of one of cloprostenol derivates. After the first injection 15 buffalo cows out of 44 ones came in heat within 5 days. All of them were two times inseminated artificially at a 12 hours interval. Out of them 12 buffalo cows became pregnant. The other 29 buffalo cows have received a second doze of prostaglandins 11 days after the first treatment. All of them have received blind insemination after 48 and 72 hours from the second treatment. This time 9 buffalo cows became pregnant. Result of the treatment has to be considered as a good one since 24 cows out of 44 treated cases (54, 55%) became pregnant. Perhaps 14 buffalo cows didn’t react to the treatment. Nevertheless the price of the 73 doses of prostaglandin used for the treatment is lower compared to the feeding cost saved by shortening the buffalo cows what became pregnant.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Oksana SHTAPENKO, Ivan GEVKAN, Yevgen DZEN, Svetlana FEDOROVA, Yurij SLYVCHYK, Vasyl SYRVATKA, Iryna MATIUKHA

The paper aimed to investigate the influence of subcutaneous injections of organic microelements in liposomal forms on the performance antioxidant status in blood of female rabbits and their reproduction function during the early stage of pregnancy. Two weeks before fertilization females from experimental group were subcutaneous injected preparations with Zn glutamate, Mn glutamate, Cr methionine, NaSe with vitamins E, A, D in liposomal form. Reproductive organs and blood samples were obtained after hormonal induction and fertilization on 14th day of gestation. Our results showed that supplemental organic trace elements increased the number of implantations and corpus luteum in the ovaries in the experimental group as compared with the control group. The activity of catalase has decreased in the experimental group compared with control group. However, the increasing ceruloplasmin activity in experimental group was noted. Liposomal preparation injection induced the significantly decrease of content oxidatively modified proteins (OMP) in the blood of the experimental group (p<0.05; p<0.01) compare to that index in control group. Accordingly, TBARS level in experimental group significantly (p<0.01) decreased, as compared with the control. The results of our study indicate that supplementation organic microelements in liposomal form before 2 weeks and during fertilization has a positive effect on the reproductive ability of female rabbits to improve the pregnancy, implantation rates. Addition of organic microelements in liposomal form provided increase of antioxidant defense system and lower intensity of peroxidation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Amera Mohammad Saleh Al-Rubeii, Ali A. H. D. Al-Badri, Sadeq A. Taha

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation protected arginine to the Awassi lambs diets on the chemical and physical analysis of carcasses meat. Twenty five male Awassi lambs ages 3 - 3.5 months and averaged 24,924 kg live body weight were used . Lambs were distributed randomly into five similar group ( 5 lambs for each ) and individually housed, and assigned to five experimental diets by amount of addition of protected arginine . T1 is the (control diet) neither added protected arginine, T2 treatment were lambs fed on 5g / day of protected arginine, T3 treatment were lambs fed diet control 5 g / cut of arginine twice a week (on eating a three-day break), T4 treatment were lambs fed diet control 7 g / day of arginine and T5 treatment were lambs fed diet control 7g / cut of arginine is the same way as the T3 treatment. All the lambs were assigned in homogeneous batches by the administrative, veterinary and nutritional rules along the experimental period (84 days). Fifteen lambs were slaughtered (3 lambs from each treatment), then carcasses chilled were for 24h at 2oC. Thereafter, several measured were taken in including some chemical and physical analysis. The results of chemical compassion of the leg and rack cuts were obtained treatment T5 was superior (P<0.01) higher than other treatments to record the highest percentage of moisture, protein and lowest percentage in fat. The lamb of T5 treatment was superior (P<0.01) in the results of chemical composition than the other treatments to recorded the highest percentage of moisture, protein, pH, water holding capacity and the lowest percentage of fat for each Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles an compared with the other treatment . The lamb of T5 treatment was recorded the lowest percentage of drip loss and cooking loss than the other treatments. It can be concluded from this study that adding the protected arginine to the diets of Awassi lambs improved the quality characteristics of carcasses meat and structure compound by additive of7g protected arginine.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Sunbul Jassim Hamodi, Firas Muzahem Hussein, Huda Qassim Al-Hamdany

This study was conducted in the Poultry Research Station – State Board of Agricultural Research - Ministry of Agricultural in Abu Ghraib, to study the effect of supplementing different levels and sources of Phytase enzyme to laying hens diets on productive performance and quality of eggs produced . Nine hundred sixty egg-brown hens (Lohmann Brown-Classic) 24 weeks-old distributed randomly to six treatments with various sources of phytase, each source contain three levels which include 16 treatments with 2 replicates (30 hen per replicate). Chickens fed on diets equal protein and metabolic energy according to the age periods in Lohmann Index as in follow: Treatment 1 (T1): Control group (without any supplement and without reduction of calcium and phosphorus). Treatment 2 (T2): Supplement phytase from fungal source (Aspergillus oryza). Treatment 3 (T3): Supplement phytase from bacterial source (E. coli). Treatment 4 (T4): Supplement phytase from phytase mixture For every three source of phytase added 3 levels as follows: A: a diet reduced phosphorus (0.09) and calcium (0.07) which included Phytase adding by 250 FTY / kg feed B: a diet reduced phosphorus (0.12) and calcium (0.10) which included Phytase adding by 350 FTY / kg feed C: a diet reduced phosphorus (0.15) and calcium (0.13) which included Phytase adding by 450 FTY / kg feed Treatment 5 (T5): Supplement Phytase from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisia). Treatment 6 (T6): Supplement Phytase from Alfalfa plant. For every two source of Phytase (T5 and T6) added 3 levels 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 FTY for each source. All three levels diet reduced phosphorus and calcium as in T2, T3 and T4. The results of experiment showed: Significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments in accumulative egg production (HD%), egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio, while the adding of T2 treatment at level (A,C) and T4 treatment at level(C) were highly significant than other treatments. All treatments with adding Phytase enzyme showed significant superiority (P<0.05) for qualitative characteristics of eggs produced from 24-55 weeks as follows. From this study we can concluded that supplementing fungal phytase at levels 250 and 450 FTY/kg feed in layer diets with decrease phosphore 0.09 and 0.15 % and calcium 0.07 and 0.13% respectively gave the best results also when supplementing mixture enzyme at level 450 FTY/kg feed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Mursel OZDOGAN, Ahmet Onder USTUNDAG

The aim of this study was investigate the effects of bacteriocin and organic acids on growth performance of Japanese quails. 600-day-old Japanese quails of mixed sex were randomly divided into six experimental groups. Each group included five replicates of 20 chicks per pen. Chicks were fed a control diet, 150 mg/kg bacteriocin, 300 mg/kg bacteriocin, 3 g/kg organic acid, 150 mg/kg bacterocin + 3 g/kg organic acid (Selacid® GreenGrowth MP), 300 mg/kg bacteriocin + 3 g/kg organic acid for 35 days. Active ingredients of Selacid® GreenGrowthMPweresorbicacid, formicacid, aceticacid, lacticacid, propionicacid, ammoniumformate, citricacid 1,2-propanediol, coconut/palmkernelfattyaciddistillate, silicondioxide (SiO2). There were no effects of dietary treatments on body weight, body weightgain, feedintakeandfeedconversionratio of Japanesequails.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Osman KUCUK, Kerim KILINC

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of supplemental selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) on live performance and some blood parameters in quails. A total of 90 10-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used, and the work was terminated after 30 days. The birds were randomly assigned to caging units, 30 birds each. Water and the diets were consumed by the birds ad libitum throughout the experiment. The quails were fed either 1- a basal diet, 2- the basal diet supplemented with either 0.2 ppm Se(SeO2) or 3- the basal diet supplemented with 0.2 ppm Se plus 500 ppm Cr (Na2Cr2O7.2H2O).Supplemental Se and Se+Cr resulted in a decrease in live weight gains (P ≥ 0.0238). Supplemental Se decreased the live weight gain but a combination of Se+Cr caused alleviation on this decrease. Feed consumption increased in quails fed a diet supplemented with Se; however, supplementing Se and Cr together decreased the feed consumption but still greater than that of control (P < 0.0001). Feed conversion ratio did not change among treatments (P = 0.3220). Selenium supplementation alone did not change the serum concentrations of glucose or total protein whereas Se+Cr treatment resulted in an increase in glucose (P = 0.0036) but a decrease in total protein concentrations (P = 0.0189). Serum cholesterol or triglycerides concentrations remained similar among treatments (P = 0.2026). Serum AST enzyme activity decreased with Se supplementation but more with Se+Cr treatments (P = 0.0587). Supplementing Se and Se+Cr to the diet of quails resulted in a decrease in serum concentrations of Ca (P = 0.0009), P (P = 0.0720) and Na (P < 0.0001) but no changes in Mg or Cl concentrations (P ≥ 0.2442). Supplementing Se and Se+Cr to the diet of quails resulted in an increase in serum concentrations of Fe, Cu, Al and Mn. Selenium treatment caused an increase in serum concentration of Zn but Se+Cr treatment resulted in a decrease in Zn concentrations (P = 0.0027). As expected, supplementing quail diets with both Se and Cr resulted in increases in serum concentrations of Se and Cr(P < 0.0001). In conclusion, Se alone or as a combination with Cr supplementation to the diet of quails resulted in a depressed live performance thus are not recommended in the diet.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Yalçın BOZKURT, Mevlut TURK, Sebahattin ALBAYRAK, Stepan VARBAN

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate two grazing systems for the performance of beef cattle grazing on artificially established pastures under the West Mediterranean climate conditions. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted at university farm in Isparta province located in the west Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2012 and lasted for 70 days. A total of 20 Holstein breed beef cattle with an average of 6 months old were assigned equally to two grazing pastures which were composed of Medicago sativa L. (20%) + Bromus inermis L. (40%) + Agropyron cristatum L. (30%) + Poterium sanguisorba (10%). Two pasture areas with a 3 ha in size were established artificially next to each other and designed as one with zero grazing (ZG) and the other one with rotational grazing, using electrical fencing system (RG) to determine the grazing performance of beef cattle. Biomass available for grazing was also monitored. It was found that there were no effects of grazing types on the performance of the animals. The total weight gains of the animals were 66 and 69 kg for ZG and RG respectively at the end of the experiment. Similarly, there were also no statistical significant differences in daily live weight gains (DLWG) of the animals. DLWGs were 0.954 and 0.996 kg for ZG and RG respectively. Consequently, both type of grazing systems can be recommended for beef cattle production in the region. However, it should be taken into consideration that there was a tendency for the animals perform better in rotational grazing system on artificially established pastures in the West Mediterranean climate conditions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Lucia Iuliana NISTOR (COTFAS), Andreea Cătălina NISTOR, Marius Giorgi USTUROI

Public perception about the nutritional qualities of table eggs obtaining from alternative systems compared to conventional one is based on the idea that eggs produced in alternative systems are superior in quality to those obtained in growth batteries. In the foreground but falls to assure the welfare of laying hens in battery cages adoption 'improved' , which provides ethological needs of laying hens during production . The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the welfare on the performance as body weight, egg production and laying intensity ,at Lohmann Brown laying hens during 50 weeks of operation. The determination of performance indicators was performed using specific methods weighing scales Weighmate regular Junior , records and intensity of egg production of laying computerized system Touch Viper Climate and Production. The research was conducted on two groups of hens exploited in classic system as improved battery and alternative system free range. Performance indicators were recorded and the data were statistically processed , establishing systems impact on body weight , egg production , and the intensity of laying. Compared to conventional systems where body weight of birds at the age of 20 weeks was 1545.571 ± 15 369 g, in alternative one the body weight was 1652.429 ± 29.663 g ;in terms of egg production was 1.17 % lower than the production standard for free range system and 0.03 % in group battery operated, about laying intensity was 97.14 % at week 34,in the free range group and 97.43 % at week 29 in the group operated batteries. Alernative systems has multiple benefit on the health of laying hens but not on their productivity , morphological and productive performance of the hybrid , both classical system and free range one is due to genetic stability and environmental factors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVIII
Written by Janusz Kilar, Maria Ruda

The aim of the researches was to evaluate the biodiversity of plant life of feeding ground for deers bred for meat. The researches were conducted in 2011-2013. They were carried on the farm for deers, located near Krosno town. The fhytosociological tests were based on the Braun-Blanquet method using six-note scale. In general there were 30 photos taken which were collectively elaborated. It was established that in the composition of feeding ground there were 62 plant species among which there were 11 species of trees and shrubs and 51 plants that contain phytoncides and they are very valuable for health and animal productivity.

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