ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Roxana Nicoleta RAȚU, Florina STOICA, Marius Giorgi USTUROI, Ionuț Dumitru VELEȘCU, Vlad Nicolae ARSENOAIA, Petru Marian CÂRLESCU, Alina Narcisa POSTOLACHE, Gabriela RÂPEANU

Improving management and making the food industry more sustainable requires a focus on reducing waste and finding uses for by-products. In the case of grapes, by-products account for approximately 20%. It is worth noting that these by-products contain beneficial phenolic compounds that have anti-allergenic, antibacterial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects. For these reasons, the food industry sector must turn its attention to them and use them as functional ingredients. In this study, grape skin powder (GSP) was added to cheese to increase its antioxidant and bioactive compounds content. The enriched cheese contained significantly higher levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity compared to the control sample. Adding 2% grape skin powder resulted in an increase of 1.927 mg GAE/g DW (mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry weight (DW)) of TPC in cheese formulation. The GSP-supplemented cheese also showed greater antioxidant activity than the control. This study demonstrates that grape by-products can effectively transfer beneficial compounds to cheese.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela IVANCIA, Șteofil CREANGĂ, Anca Mihaela MOCANU, Andrei CIOBANU, Andreea ȘERBAN

As part of a larger study, the present work highlights the way fish specimens affect the parameters of the aquatic environment, which is essential in fish farming. Six common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were subjected to an experiment where they were transferred to new aquatic environments, while two specimens remained in the water of origin. Each individual modified the initial values of the aquatic environments by balancing them to create a framework conducive to their survival. During the experiment, no feeding methods were applied, and the individuals' intervention on the water was strictly observed. The results demonstrated the high degree of adaptability of the species, but there was also an early case of fatality, which was justified. The intervention of the individuals was highlighted by the value of the parameter PO₄, which exceeded the recommended value in aquaculture. However, the value was identical when each individual was removed from the experimental module.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Maya POPOVA, Gradimir GRADEV

The observation was made on a herd of Karakachan horses, bred freely in the area of the village of Prisadets, Southern Bulgaria. The study covers a period of one year, with 24-hour field surveys conducted every month. The analysis shows that horses drink water relatively rarely. Although not statistically proven, the highest percentage of horses drink water at moderate ambient temperatures - about 22oC, while at high temperatures around 36oC, when standing in the shade, the percentage of horses drinking water drops to 46.15%. Karakachan horses spend most of their time grazing. Most horses graze at noon (91.28%), and the least at night (40.90%). The factor time of the day had a significant effect on the following traits of behavior: grazing (P <0.001), sleeping / resting lying down (P <0.001), sleeping/resting standing (P <0.01), standing on alert (P <0.01) and standing in the shade (P <0.01). Ambient temperature affects resting behavior: lying down (P <0.01) and standing (P <0.01), chasing insects with a tail and head (P <0.001), and standing on alert (P < 0.001).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Gratziela Victoria BAHACIU, Aurelia OSMAN, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Nela DRAGOMIR, Minodora TUDORACHE, Ioan CUSTURĂ

Food production is experiencing nowadays the transition to "smart" products which are processed by new protective techniques or minimally processed; there is also an increasing interest in traditional foods, which are perceived as healthier, and more environmentally friendly. In this regard, EU agricultural policies are based on specific measures for the entire food chain, aimed at reducing food waste and increasing sustainability; this has an essential role in protecting the availability, accessibility, and quality of agri-food products. In this paper, we focused on presenting the main categories of foods and drinks protected by geographical indication schemes PDO (Protected Designation of Origin), PGI (Protected Geographical Indication), TSG (Traditional Speciality Guaranteed), GI (Geographical Indication) at the EU and Romanian levels. We presented the statistics based on eAmbrosia EU and the Romanian Ministry of Agriculture database, the procedure for registration, and the role of this certification for the producers, community reputation, and branding.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Minodora MANU, Anca LĂCĂTUŞU, Florian BODESCU, Roxana NICOARĂ, Luiza Silvia CHIRIAC, Marilena ONETE

In 2021, from the first time in Romania, soil fauna taxa were investigated from two types of habitats: with and without Campanula romanica, from Măcin Mountains National Park. Some population parameters were analysed as: taxa diversity, numerical abundance, dominance, evenness, equitability, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity. In total, 24 soil fauna groups were identified, with 399 individuals, recording characteristic structure and taxa for each type of plots. Even if the number of identified taxa is almost similar between plots, the numerical abundance was higher in areas without Campanula romanica. In the same time sixteen environmental variables were quantified, as: the thickness of three soil layers, air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and moisture, soil pH, soil penetration resistance, amount of organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/Nt ratio, humus content, potassium content, phosphorous content and the vegetation cover. They had a significant influence on structure composition of the edaphic taxonomic groups from the two types of habitats.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Anca GHEORGHE, Mihaela HĂBEANU, Teodor MIHALCEA, Georgeta DINIȚĂ

Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) is an important monophagous insect in the sericulture industry. The mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) are known as valuable plants rich in nutrients and nutraceuticals due to the presence of chemo-factors (morin, β-sitosterol) and antioxidants (flavonoids, anthocyanin and alkaloids), the traditional feed in the rearing of silkworm larvae. The mulberry is also used in pharmaceutical, food, beverage and healthcare industries, being considered a suitable plant for sustainable development. Over time, research on using the artificial diet in silkworms has been focused on different topics: i) rearing silkworms in the season when mulberry leaves are insufficient or not available and ii) as an organism model for human diseases (i.e., tumour, degenerative and metabolic diseases) due to the low breeding cost, short generation time, genetic background, large progeny size and numerous genes homologous to humans. This review aimed to summarize the literature information about the impact of nutrition as a key factor in silkworm rearing and the effectiveness of using an artificial diet based on different ingredients in silkworm productivity and health.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Cristina-Ramona METZNER UNGUREANU, Adriana-Ioana MORARU MANEA, Delia-Gabriela DUMBRAVA, Diana-Nicoleta RABA, Carmen Daniela PETCU, Adrian RIVIS, Mariana-Atena POIANA

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of two freeze-dried extracts from blackberry processing by-products resulted after juice extraction, compared to butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) in preventing the lipid oxidation of sunflower oil (SFO) subjected to high-temperature heating at 180ºC up to 12 hours. The blackberries were collected from spontaneous flora of two regions of Romania, Zugau (Arad County) and Paltinis (Sibiu County) and the blackberry by-products extracts (BBE) were noted according to the place of origin as ZBBP, respectively PBBE. The evolution of lipid oxidation was tracked by means of specific indices as: peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), total oxidation (TOTOX) value and the response of TBA-malondialdehyde (MDA) interactions evaluated by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The results revealed that BBE displayed a high inhibitory effect on SFO thermo-oxidation. This response was dose-dependent, thus, the rate of lipid oxidation was inversely related to BBE concentration. The recorded data highlighted that BBE constitutes efficient natural antioxidants that can contribute to the development of sunflower oil with extended thermo-oxidative stability.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Valentin FOKSHA, Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Vasily KURULYUK, Natalya GELETSKY

There are given the results of the selection, the assessment of future mothers of bulls of the Simmental breed. The materials for the research were cows of the first, second and third lactation of the Simmental breed of the herd of the breeding farm Society of limited liability “Strapit”. The studies were carried out according to the scheme developed by us according to the following parameters: origin and genetic examination; constitution and exterior, marker alleles; productivity; breeding value; genetic evaluation methods. Milk yields for 305 days of lactation on average for the population of Simmental cows amounted to 6017 kg of milk, which is by 455 kg of milk more than the average for the first lactation, the difference is significant (P<0.005). Alleles B2I1Q, Iʹ, IʹQʹ are markers for the Simmental breed. There were selected 4 cows as candidates for mothers of future bulls, whose productivity in terms of the highest lactation varied within 7029-8003 kg of milk.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Cristian Mihael LEONOV, Maria Desimira STROE, Floricel Maricel DIMA, Livia VIDU, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

The aim of this study is to calculate the growth and mortality rates of Alosa immaculata, an important species whose population is in decline. Sampling was realized every month, from March to June 2022 from Sulina Branch Mm 34-18. Each of the specimens that were captured was weighed and measured individually, with weights ranging from 150 to 450 grams and total lengths ranging from 25 to 39 centimeters. The ELEFAN program from FiSAT II was utilized to determine the parameters for the von Bertalanffy growth function, resulting in the values of L∞ = 36.75 cm and k = 0.66 yr-1. Using the linear regression analysis, the length-weight ratios were predicted based on log-transformed data using the equation W = a×Lb. The mathematical relationship between the length and weight for the Pontic shad was: W=0.0904×Lt 2.3198. The population of Pontic shad experienced high mortality rates, with a total mortality estimate at 1.83 and a natural mortality rate of 0.87. In addition, the calculated exploitation rate for the Pontic shad population exceeded the optimal value of 0.5, indicating slight overexploitation of the population.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Nevyana STANCHEVA, Ivona DIMITROVA, Milena BOZHILOVA-SAKOVA, Radena NENOVA, Todor TZONEV

The Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) is the most numerous breed in Bulgaria. FABP3 gene plays a crucial role in hormone action and cellular functions. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship of FABP3 gene polymorphism with litter size in ewes of BDSP. This experiment involved 110 ewes from the herd of the Agricultural Institute-Shumen. Ewes were selected by birth type (singles, twins, triplets) and with records of the number of lambs born from a minimum of two consecutive lambing. The average number lambing of ewe is 3.94. Two alleles and two genotypes were identified in the studied animals in exon 2 of the FABP3 gene (SNP3) by the PCR-RFLP technique with BseDI endonuclease. The association of FABP3 gene polymorphism with total litter size and litter size depending on the parity and type of birth of ewes was studied by the one-way analysis model of variance ANOVA. A certain superiority was observed in the examined traits of the animals born as twins and triplets, but no significant differences were found between the individual groups.

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