ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Olena BYRKA, Viktoriia YURCHENKO, Mykola KUSHCH, Liubov LIAKHOVICH

The parameters and dynamics of the development of Meckel's diverticulum in large gray geese aged one day to 5 years were determined. The changes in the length, cross-sectional area and wall area of the Meckel's diverticulum indicate that its growth stops by 3 months of age. The age-related morphofunctional indicators of lymphoid tissue formation in the wall of Meckel's diverticulum were determined. Diffuse lymphoid tissue is predominant in the composition of lymphoid tissue. Full morphofunctional maturity of the lymphoid tissue with the development of four levels of its structural organization is observed at the age of 21 days in geese. The lymphoid tissue in the wall of Meckel's diverticulum reaches its maximum development by the age of 3 months, which must be taken into account when raising large gray geese and conducting experimental studies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Liubov LІAKHOVICH, Yuliia MASLAK, Iryna HONCHAROVA, Alla PETRENKO, Inna KOSTYUK

In private mini-poultry farms, poultry that have recovered from infectious bronchitis are often not culled. Changes in the organs of the reproductive system of adult chickens and roosters that recovered after an outbreak of infectious bronchitis were studied. It was found that in most of the flock, egg productivity and condition quality of eggs were preserved in laying hens (69%), and in roosters - fertilization ability (after hatching the eggs, hens hatched condition chicks with 80% hatchability). In 31% of hens, egg productivity and/or egg quality was impaired: reduced laying; hens laid eggs with soft and/or deformed shells; there was no clear boundary between the dense and liquid layers of the egg white; the share of second-grade eggs has increased. During the post-slaughter examination of chicken carcasses, various pathologies of the reproductive organs were found: retention of the egg in the oviduct and damage to its walls (it is possible that this is due to calcareous growths on the eggshell); ovarian cysts; atresia of mature follicles.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Diana KIRIN, Radoslava ZAHARIEVA, Petya ZAHARIEVA

During 2019-2021, six specimens of pontic shad (Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835); family Clupeidae were examined for parasites. The specimens were collected from three biotopes (Kudelin, Yasen, and Koshava) located in the section of the Danube River in the northwestern part of Bulgaria. Infection with 3 species of helminths was found – 1 species of the class Trematoda (Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905); 1 species of the class Acanthocephala (Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776) Porta, 1908) and 1 species of the class Nematoda (Hysterothylacium gadi aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) Deardorff et Overstreet, 1981 (larvae)). Ecological indices of the found helminth species were examined. The purpose of the study is to provide new data on the helminth fauna of the pontic shad from the freshwater ecosystem of the Danube River in Bulgaria. Al. immaculata is a new host for one endohelminth species (L. confusus). Two of the investigated biotopes (Koshava and Yasen) are new habitats for the found endohelminths in pontic shad.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Gradimir GRADEV, Doncho KIROV, Tatyana BILEVA, Dimitar POPOV

The White Stork is one of the iconic bird species that is easily recognized by humans as it inhabits and nests in settlements as well as other places and structures located near lakes, rivers, dams, rice fields, wet meadows, and others. Given its feeding habitats, the species is a typical farmland bird. In many settlements in Bulgaria, including the village of Belozem, several dozen nesting pairs have been established, and this number is significantly higher than the average for the country. Some of the largest rice fields in the country, which are key foraging habitats for the species, are located around Belozem. In the village of Belozem, the stork colony formed on the roof of the local school is very impressive and counts over 20 nests, which represent almost half of the pairs nesting in the village - about 40 in total. In the current study, 41 to 53 stork nests were recorded, and 35-37 pairs successfully reared at least one juvenile each. The number of fledglings leaving the nest ranged from 94 to 115.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Azizah AZIZAH, Abun ABUN, Leni NURLAENI, Lovita ADRIANI

The study was carried out experimentally, the first identified noni fruit extract on yield, and bacterial inhibition and the second was the application of noni fruit extract supplemented with Cu and Zn on intestinal histology. The first stage used a nested complete randomized design (CRD) and the second stage used RAL and was further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The livestock used were 100 DOC (Day Old Chicken) unsexing Sentul chickens, reared for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using SAS JMP Pro version 14 software. The results showed that methanol solvent with a maceration time of 48 hours was the best treatment for producing yield, and inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The best treatment was the administration of 250 mg/kg of noni fruit extract supplemented with Cu and Zn. The conclusion is that the addition of noni fruit extract with Cu and Zn supplementation in the ration up to a level of 250 mg/kg can increase the height, width, and depth of the crypts and it is recommended to use it as a feed additive to replace Antibiotic Growth Promoter.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Ionela-Florentina TOMA (ENACHE), Gratziela Victoria BAHACIU, Daniela IANIȚCHI, Nela DRAGOMIR, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

A detailed bibliographic study finds that fish is a very important human food, valued by its balanced content of protein, lipids, and biologically active components. From the up-to-date statistics, it finds out that fish represents an important percentage of human food and protein sources. However, fish, like many other animal food sources, represents a future problem. In the food industry, fish can be sold as such, preserved, or processed in different ways. During fish processing technology, fish by-products are also generated and this represents a problem for the food industry and for the environment also. Transformation of these by-products into different products or their use in other industrial applications can solve the problems and may become a sustainable solution for the industry. This bibliographic study represents the starting point of the food innovation process, by analyzing the actual use of the by-products as medicinal products, artificial pearls, fish skin, isinglass, glue, body oil, manure and guano, silage, soluble, flour, fins, biscuits, macaroni, sausage, ham, liver oil and others and finding new paths of developments in order to achieve the goal.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Alexandra MARINA, Stelian DĂRĂBAN, Daniel COCAN, Camelia RĂDUCU, Andrada IHUȚ, Paul UIUIU, Radu CONSTANTINESCU, Vioara MIREŞAN

Metabolism, a manifestation specific to life, represents the set of physical and chemical processes through which living matter achieves continuous renewal to function and organize the specific activity. The physical-chemical composition of goat milk is conditioned by breed, individuality, area, and age. This study analyzes the physical-chemical composition of milk from a population of Carpathian goat breed, in the first seven postpartum days (first, third, and seventh day) according to age (primiparous and multiparous) to observe the physical-chemical changes from colostrum to milk. The physical-chemical parameters analyzed were: fat (g/100 g); protein (g/100 g); casein (g/100 g); lactose (g/100 g); solid non-fat - SNF (g/100 g); total dry matter (g/100 g); pH; freezing point (FP); urea mg/dl; somatic cells count - SCC/ml x 1000; total bacteria count - TBC/ml x 1000. Results highlight the intense changes that occur at the physico-chemical level of goat's milk to cover the nutritional requirements of the newborn goat and indicate the health status of the mammary gland.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Valentin FOKSHA, Vasily TIKLENKO, Vasily KURULYUK, Radu KARAMAN

There are presented the results of the studying productive qualities of Holstein cows of various origins. The material for the research was cattle of the Holstein breed of German selection- Society of limited liability “Dastocom” and French selection - Society of limited liability “Holstein”. Milk yield of cows in the herd of LLC “Dastocom” for the first lactation averaged 8851 kg of milk. The milk productivity of Holstein cows of French selection (LLC “Holstein”) for the first lactation averaged 6334 ± 34.7 kg of milk. At cattle of the Holstein breed of German selection (LLC “Dastocom”), a high level of heritability for milk yield (mother-daughter) was found, which amounted to 0.756. The greatest influence on the fat content in the milk of the first-calving cows of LLC “Dastocom” was exerted by paternal ancestors (h2 = 0.39). For the entire analyzed population of cows-heifers of LLC “Holstein”, milk yield and fat content in milk were largely determined by heredity (h2 = 0.24-0.49) and (h2 = 0.44-0.32), respectively.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Nikolina ZHELEVA, Milena TZANOVA, Mariya LAZAROVA

Yogurt was prepared from buffalo milk supplemented with 3% and 5% Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) juice. The mineral and fatty acid composition, free amino acid composition, vit. B1, B2, B6 and antioxidant activity were investigated. Buffalo yogurt produced with 3% aronia coagulated in a shorter time (135 min) compared to natural (control) yogurt and the one produced with 5% aronia (158 min). Buffalo yogurt produced with 5% aronia juice has the highest content of potassium (1004 mg/kg) and zinc (5.28 mg/kg) and the lowest of calcium, magnesium and manganese compared to the control yogurt and yogurt with 3% aronia addition. Aronia supplementation increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in buffalo yogurt by 5.7% (3% aronia) and 7.3% (5% aronia), respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by 15.7% in 3% aronia yogurt and 22.6% in 5% aronia yogurt respectively, compared to natural buffalo yogurt. Yogurt produced with 5% aronia juice has the highest antioxidant activity and also has a higher content of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 compared to the control yogurt and yogurt with 3% aronia.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela Cristina DRĂGHICI, Elisabeta Elena POPA, Paul Alexandru POPESCU, Mihaela GEICU-CRISTEA, Amalia Carmen MITELUŢ, Mona Elena POPA

The modern lifestyle, with life being so busy with jobs, kids, and other activities, brings changes in eating habits, which has led to a significant reduction in daily number of traditional meals. Therefore, the market for protein-rich products, originally developed to increase the muscle mass of athletes, is growing supporting those who choose to replace traditional main meals as well as welcoming vegan and vegetarian consumers, whose number is constantly increasing. To meet the current demands of consumers, regarding the increase in the availability on the local market of healthy, minimally processed, protein-enhanced and last but not least nutritionally balanced products, which can be consumed by as many categories of consumers as possible, a study was carried out to establish consumer preferences for salty snack products with a high vegetable protein content. It involved the development of a questionnaire followed by its distribution in the online environment. The results obtained regarding the consumer preferences, allowed us to further establish the main characteristics and attributes of the desired product.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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