ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela SARACILA, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Arabela Elena UNTEA

Microalgae represent a new field of interest for laying hens’ nutrition as they constitute a novel and valuable nutrient source, due to their nutritional composition and richness in polyphenols, polysaccharides and fatty and amino acids. Many studies have studied the effect of using microalgae in laying hen nutrition and their ability to improve health, production and egg quality. Propolis, like microalgae, is a natural source of nutrients with a long tradition in natural medicine. The literature has shown many benefits of using propolis in the diets of laying hens, such as improved productive performance and egg production, health, egg quality. This review makes it clear that including microalgae and propolis in laying hen diet can be an undeniable future nutritional strategy, enhancing standard feed formulations to the benefit of health and egg quality.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Minodora MANU, Ciprian Constantin BÎRSAN, Luiza Silvia CHIRIAC, Marilena ONETE

The objectives of the study were to assess and compare mite communities from the biggest urban area in Bucharest- Morii Lake, in relation to the soil environmental variables (soil and air temperature; soil pH; soil and air moisture content; soil penetration resistance) and the type of habitats/transects (park area, natural area-island, grassland). The study was made in June 2017. For soil fauna, sixty soil samples were collected, using a MacFadyen core. Seventeen mite species were identified, with 55 individuals. We observed that soil and air temperature, air humidity and soil acidity varied highly significantly between the three transects. Soil temperature, soil moisture content, air humidity influenced significantly the structural composition of the mite populations. Certain parameters were used: numerical abundance, dominance, constancy, species diversity and equitability. Using these indices, we demonstrated that the transect T1-park area offered the most favourable conditions, with the least favourable being T2-island. Acarological characterisation of an urban green area in Bucharest, Romania, revealed that, even at the local scale, the type of habitat and environmental variables influenced significantly the structural composition of the mite populations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Victoria BOGDAN, Valeria VRABIE, Valentina CIOCHINĂ

The adhesion and antagonist capacity of some Enterococcus strains isolated from human and animal intestinal contents was investigated. The obtained results demonstrated the increased adhesive capacity of the studied Enterococcus strains, especially those specific to the human digestive tract. At the same time, the high activity of enterococci monocultures in the control of Escherichia and Salmonella bacteria has been established, which indicates their antagonistic property. Based on the adhesive capacity and high antagonistic activity of enterococci, new microbial associations containing enterococci were investigated. The obtained results revealed a beneficial action of the new microbial preparations, which prevented the appearance and development of diarrheal dysfunctions, which argues the opportunity to include enterococci in the composition of associations or probiotic microbial preparations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Ylli BIÇOKU, ELDA HOXHA, Irena GJIKA, Veis SELAMI, Vullnet GJOLLA

A survey was carried out during the lockdown period (April-May 2020), to assess agricultural advisors’ preferences on extension service activities. A questionnaire was mailed to the 66 advisors of the Regional Agencies of Extension Service of Tirana and Korça and the descriptive statistic method was used to analyse the data collected. Before disseminating the innovations, the advisors need more trainings on extension methods & activities, and agricultural practices. “Trainings combined with field visits for the practical side” is their first choice to get new knowledge on topics related to their work, while as a second choice they have preferred “open field days”. Extensionists perception is that that “Demonstrations” and “Trainings combined with on-farm visits” are the two main activities that the extensionists think of as the most suitable activities for the farmers and for the realization of their plan of extension activities. As less im-portant activities extensionists listed: “In-country trainings”, “Brochure/Leaflet”, “Study tours” and “Open field days”.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Antonia Katharina RUCKLI, Sabine DIPPEL, Juliane HELMERICHS, Carmen HUBBARD, Camilla MUNSTERHJELM, Herman VERMEER, Christine LEEB

Animal health and welfare (AHW) has become an important aspect for sustainable development in livestock farming. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the AHW performance of 27 breeding-to-finishing pig farms across six European countries and to investigate associations with number of sows in production, number of sows per worker and percentage of family labour. AHW indicators were aggregated to themes, namely “Hunger and thirst”, “Comfort”, “Injuries and disease”, “Pain by management”, “Appropriate behaviour” and “Human-animal relationship”. On a scale from 0 to 100 (worst to best AHW), lowest median theme score was found for “Comfort” (39) and highest for “Human-animal relationship” (78). AHW performance varied considerably between farms, indicating a potential for improvement, especially regarding “Comfort”. Number of sows per farm in production correlated negatively with “Hunger and thirst” (rs = -0.81), “Comfort” (-0.44) and “Appropriate behaviour” (-0.61). Number of sows per worker also correlated negatively with “Hunger and thirst” (-0.56). Family labour did not correlate with any of the themes. We conclude that some aspects of animal welfare especially regarding comfort (e.g., space allowance and enrichment material), require improvement measures across these six European countries. These problems may increase with farm size and number of sows per worker. Therefore, incentives to implement animal welfare improvement measures are needed for all farms to encourage farmers to construct housing systems above the minimum legal requirements.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Elena Narcisa POGURSCHI, Oana Margarita GHIMPETEANU, Carmen PETCU, Tomita DRAGOTOIU, Andreea Ioana RUSU

Antimicrobial resistance is expected to make many more victims in the future than cancer, which requires constant, rigorous and thorough control of all factors that contribute to the growth of this particularly worrying phenomenon. Animal products and in particular milk, especially the one obtained in the households of the population, could be especially contaminated with antibiotic residues. The present paper aims at the qualitative and quantitative screening of 284 samples sold by individual producers from the entire territory of Romania, in a period of 3 months (January-March this year). The qualitative test was a microbiological test in tubes with spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. 6.33% (n = 18) of the samples confirmed positively in the qualitative test, the quantitative test performed using chromatography showed the presence of beta-lactams and tetracycline in quantities exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL), (21, 50 μg / kg milk for penicillin and on average 115 μg / kg milk for oxytetracyclines). Among aminoglycosides, gentamicin was on average 294.5 μg / kg milk far exceeding the MRL.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Doru NECULA, Octavia Maria TAMAS-KRUMPE, Daria FENEȘAN, Diana TODORAN, Laurenţiu OGNEAN

The pastures and hayfields from the Dorna area are characterized by rich floristic biodiversity, which favors the production of organic milk with high content of bioactive principles and propionic bacteria, specific to the production of a local Swiss cheese. The Dorna Swiss cheese is a very demanding product that requires particular knowledge to process Emmental cheeses. In this paper, we have analyzed the current state of some traditional procedures, specific to the Dorna Swiss cheese production. Moreover, the present research documents and describes a procedure characteristic of the area, which consists of the selection, verification, and processing of the raw material, until obtaining the finished product. The processing is based on obtaining "wheels" of cheese (12-13 kg) from a mixture of raw milk (60%) with pasteurized milk (40%) at a temperature of 70°C, by pressing and salting, followed by ripening in three rooms, differentiated by the time interval, temperature and humidity provided. The entire procedure lasts for 60-70 days, throughout this interval the evolution of temperature and humidity being monitored. All these characteristics of biodiversity and processing give the Swiss cheese the characteristics of a highly appreciated assortment of Emmental cheeses.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Anca GHEORGHE, Ioan CUSTURĂ, Nicoleta LEFTER, Lavinia IDRICEANU, Minodora TUDORACHE, Mihaela DUMITRU, Mihaela HĂBEANU

This study assessed to compare the plasma metabolic status and intestinal microflora of different breeders’ genotypes. A total of 110 healthy female breeders (25-week-old) were divided into three groups: Transylvanians Barred Naked Neck (30 birds) and Black Naked Neck (30 birds) vs commercial Ross 308 breeders (50 birds). During a 5-weeks trial, the birds were reared on the floor system in climate-controlled conditions. They were fed a standard commercial laying breeder diet (15.26% crude protein and 11.30 MJ/kg metabolizable energy). Blood and intestinal content samples were collected at 30 weeks for analysis. Results revealed significant differences in plasma protein profile: total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin increased, and uric acid decreased in the Naked Neck varieties vs Ross 308 breeds. Energy profile showed higher glucose and lower HDL-Cholesterol levels in Naked Neck varieties. Plasma mineral profile archive highest calcium and phosphorus values for Naked Neck varieties vs commercial breed, with no significant change in Ca/P ratio. There was no genotype effect on plasma enzyme activities. Cecum microflora was significantly affected by genotype, the Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) and Coliforms population count decreased, while the beneficial population Lactobacillus (LAB) spp. and LAB: ENT ratio increases in the Naked Neck breeds vs commercial breeds.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Petru Alexandru VLAICU, Arabela Elena UNTEA, Teodor GAVRIS, Gabriela Maria CORNESCU

The use of different herbal plants and their associate essential oils as feed additives is of great importance for various purposes in poultry production. This trend started since 2006 due to ban on use of certain antibiotics in poultry diets, in the European Union, because they are suspected of contributing substantially to increasing resistance among human pathogens. Some investigations have shown that a number of plant feed additives and their essential oils, have shown significant beneficial effects on animal production, health status and meat quality. These natural feed additives not only act as antibiotic replacements for the animals, but also exert beneficial properties in the poultry products, especially, antioxidant properties in meat. However, the overall efficacy of herbal plants and their associate essential oils, together with their nutritive value with impact on the health status of animals and humans (via the food chain), requires constant research on standardization of correct dosages for particular functions to be studied.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Diana KIRIN, Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA

In 2021, ecologoparasitological research was done based on the helminths and helminth communities of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)) from the freshwater ecosystem of the Tundzha River, Aegean Water Basin. As a result of the examined twenty-one specimens of Prussian carp, three taxa of helminths were found: Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928) Dollfus, 1960; Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776) Porta, 1908; Contracaecum sp. The dominant structure of the helminth communities was determined. N. skrjabini is a core species for helminth communities of C. gibelio (P% = 23.81). New data on the helminth communities of the Prussian carp from the studied area of the freshwater ecosystem are presented. The basic ecological indices of the helminth populations and communities were determined. The bioindication role of the established helminth species as well as an assessment of the ecological status of the studied biocenoses was presented.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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