ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Gabriel MIHĂILĂ, Mihaela HĂBEANU, Livia VIDU, Monica MARIN

The gas emissions have increased in recent years, which has exacerbated the greenhouse effect. In the livestock sector the main sources of emissions are considered to be the production, processing and transport of animal feed, manure decomposition, processing and transport of animal products (post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products). A significant emission reduction, including nitrogen, are within the reach of animal producers. Adopting current best practices and technologies for feeding, raising and maintaining animal health, manure management, and greater use of biogas and energy-saving technologies would help the livestock sector to grow. reduction of greenhouse gases. This review aims to highlight the possibilities that pig farmers have in order to adopt strategies to reduce nitrogen emissions from farms.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Selvie ANIS, Srimalasinha SANE, Mercy WAANI, Poulla WALELENG, Siane RIMBING

The objective of this research was to assess the morphological response of Indigofera zollingeriana to differences in planting spacing at first cutting of three months after grown in the field. This study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 6 treatments, namely PS1: 100 cm x 50 cm, PS2: 100 cm x 100 cm, and PS3: 100 cm x 150 cm, each treatment was repeated 6 times. The measured variables were: plant height, stem diameter, the highest number of leaves, and number of branches. Further, we have measured also dry weight yield and leaf/wood ratio. The results showed that plant height and stem diameter in PS2 and PS3 treatments were significantly higher than PS. Number of leaves not effected but branches, leaf/wood ratio and total dry weight were significant effected by treatments. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the best morphological response of Indigofera in term of leaf/wood ratio and total dry weight at the three months in the fields was obtained in the 100 cm x 100 cm planting spacing.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Gabriela Maria CORNESCU, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Arabela Elena UNTEA, Petru Alexandru VLAICU, Mara-Ioana MUNTIU-RUSU, Teodor GAVRIS

Heat stress represents a real menace of the poultry industry all around the world. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) predicts an increasing temperature by 1.5°C as early as 2024. The normal body temperature of a chicken is about 41°C, and its thermoneutral comfort zone ranges between 18-25°C. To avoid the overheating and to dissipate the excess heat the poultry’s body conducts a demanding struggle, therefore it affects production and immune parameters, and also eggs’ quality. Reduced appetite and feed intake due to an impaired digestion and metabolism caused by intestinal morphology damage requires different strategies against the negative impacts of heat stress. Dietary herbal supplementation with natural and inexpensive ingredients can be considered an efficient strategy. There are globally available, with scientific demonstrated thermoregulatory effects, and also with antioxidant properties that enhances the production parameters and the health status of poultry. Herbal utilization offers medium and long-term economic and natural potential to minimize the negative effects of heat stress in local and global poultry industry.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Jet Saartje MANDEY, Meity SOMPIE, Cherly Joula PONTOH, Jeni RARUMANGKAY, Fenny Rinay WOLAYAN

Allium fistulosum L., commonly called spring onion, welsh onion, or Japanese bunch onion, is a clumping, slowly spreading, evergreen perennial type that is mainly grown as a vegetable because of its onion-scented leaves. This species is very similar in taste and smell to the related common onion, Allium cepa, but does not develop bulbs. Welsh onion were detected to contain volatile compounds containing sulphur and polyphenolic compounds which exhibit various biological activities, and which have anti-fungal, anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, regulation of immune function and anti-obesity effects. This plant is much less known in the world than the traditional onion, A. cepa. This review intends to describe and summarize recent advances the nutrients and phytochemicals of welsh onions for using as a poultry alternative feed additive, their beneficial effects, and the mechanisms underlying their involvement for future in poultry nutrition.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Liana Mihaela FERICEAN, Ioan BANATEAN-DUNEA, Mihaela OSTAN, Silvia PRUNAR, Florin PRUNAR, Ramona STEF, Olga RADA

The feeding habits of a three orphaned red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris were observed during spring, in Western part of Romania, Arad county. Observations on the behavior of squirrel baby were made from 3 weeks to 12 weeks, when the squirrels were released into the wild. The baby squirrels were found fallen from the tree, together with the nest. At about 3 - 4 weeks of age, the feeding takes place 9 times a day, at 6 weeks of age, the number of feeds begins to decrease, is the period when diversification begins by introducing some seeds and nuts in the diet. In terms of weight, the baby weighed about 50 g when they were found, and will reach a weight of 100 g in week 8, and a weight of about 200 grams at about 10 weeks. The paper provides information regarding feeding pattern the first day after finding an orphaned baby squirrel until release into the wild.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Sorin NITU, Mihaela GEICU-CRISTEA, Ionut RANGA, Daniela BALAN, Florentina MATEI

The aim of this work was to evaluate the milk-clotting potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Two extracts from this plant were obtained, by dissolving in a cold water, first, by a simple aqueous extraction and the second, by a concentration of simple extract. These two extracts were compared in their milk-clotting activity with a commercial animal rennet, chymosin. The analysis consisted in the characterization of raw cow’s milk used by physico-chemical and microbiological analyses and characterization of the fresh cheese curd obtained by physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses. The yield of the process was calculated in each of the three cases and a comparison between them was performed. The obtained results revealed a good milk-clotting activity for both tested plant rennets.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Mihai PRUNA, Marius MAFTEI, Livia VIDU, Iulian VLAD, Gheorghe Emil MĂRGINEAN

The paper aimed to present an important part of genetic analysis in Romanian Trotter horse. The sample extracted from the population is represented by entire reproductive nucleus of Romanian Trotter breed from Dor Marunt studfarm. We analyzed the reproductive isolation and the age structure. The reproductive isolation are the most important criteria for a flock to be accepted as a population. The other three are morphological and physiological differences, environmental requirements and genetic size, but all these three criteria evolving according to reproductive isolation coefficient. The age structure have an important role in animal breeding (horse breeding in this case) and also in exploitation. Both analyzed components have a capital importance in animal breeding because there has a directly influence in animal population evolution. The reproductive isolation situation was quantified using the relation elaborated by S. Wright and the age structure situation is based on the age distribution histogram.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Yordanka ILIEVA, Pencho PENCHEV, Georgi NONCHEV

To assess the different patterns of lactation curve and their parameters, were assigned buffaloes from intensive and pasture farming with respectively 466 and 335 normal lactations. The effects of peak month on overall persistency (PI1), post-peak persistency (PIP) and peak yield (PMY) were tested via LSMLMW and MIXMDL. The curves of lactations with first (LC1), second (LC2), third (LC3) and fourth-plus (LC4) peak month were shaped through conventional statistics. The results show mass deviation from the typical curve, the LC1 lactations being 60%, while LC2 are 1/4. Delaying the peak from 1st to 3rd month, PIP decreases from 88.2 to 86.4% (P< 0.05), but with highest value (90.4%) is LC4 (P< 0.01). Most productive are the lactations with typical pattern (LC2), while LC1 have lower milk yield, despite the higher peak yield, but because of the lower productivity and overall persistency (PI1) after it. It was demonstrated that for the economics of buffalo farming persistency by itself is not the only important parameter, but actually its combination with peak yield and the positioning of the peak.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Gabriela Maria CORNESCU, Raluca Paula TURCU, Petru Alexandru VLAICU, Gabriel Claudiu RADULESCU

The effect of dietary flaxseed meal, rapeseed meal and fodder peas on layers’ performances and egg quality was investigated in a 6-wk feeding trial on 168 Tetra SL layers (65 weeks) assigned to 4 groups (C, E1, E2, E3). The commercial (C) diet had 2750 kcal ME and 16.4% CP. Compare to diet C, the experimental groups were fed with flaxseed meal (3%, E1), flaxseed meal-fodder peas (3%; 10%; E2), flaxseed meal-rapeseed meal (3%; 10%; E3) which increased the dietary level of the total polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA n-3 (% of total fat) to 5.72(E1), 6.87 (E2) and 5.65 (E3) compared to group C (1.19), in diet. At the end of the trial, 18 eggs/group were collected to determine the eggs nutritional and quality parameters. The results showed that egg intensity was lower (P≤0.05) in all experimental groups. Egg weight (g) in E1 (65.39) was higher (P≤0.05) compared to all other groups. Also, yolk colour intensity increased significantly (P≤0.05) in all experimental groups compared to C group. Similarly, the results showed that PUFA n-3 acid content was higher in all experimental groups (3.14%; 3.38% and 3.53%) compared to C group (1.13%). In conclusion, using dietary raw materials rich in PUFA n-3 had a positive influence on laying hens’ egg quality and improved the nutritional quality indices of the lipids in egg yolks.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Dani GARNIDA, Endang SUJANA

Nature chicken is Indonesian local chickens that widely maintained and are very popular in community, because of their distinctive taste and flavour. Expired bread is a food factory waste that has the potential to be used as a feed ingredient for corn substitute rations, because it contains high gross energy and crude protein. The objective of this research was knowing the optimal dosage level of expired bread meal on nature chicken performance. The completely randomized design-based research used 100 one week old nature chicks, with five treatments and four replications. The ration treatments used were of R1( ration with 10% Expired Bread Meal), R2 (ration with 15% Expired Bread Meal), R3 (ration with 20% Expired Bread Meal), R4 (ration with 25% Expired Bread Meal) and R5 (ration with 30% Expired Bread Meal. Parameters measured were feed consumption, final body weight, feed conversion, carcass, giblet and inedible organs. The result can be concluded that ration with 25% expired bread meal gave the optimum performance, therefore it can be used as alternative on nature chicken.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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