ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Andrada IHUȚ, Paul UIUIU, Camelia RĂDUCU, Daniel COCAN, Radu CONSTANTINESCU, Alexandru SAVA, Tudor PAPUC, Vioara MIREȘAN, Camelia MUNTEANU, Viorel MICLĂUȘ, Vasile RUS

The digestive system of fish is different from one species to another, depending on the type of food ingested. Danube salmon Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758) is a critically endangered species of the Salmonidae family with the threat of extinction looming large, therefore conservation efforts are urgently needed. This study presents a detailed microscopic analysis of the Zeissl membrane in Danube salmon, through histological means. The biological material analyzed consisted of six fish raised in a specialized breeding farm for restocking purposes. Samples were collected from the gastrointestinal tract and processed using histological paraffin embedding. The Zeissl membrane was present in all studied segments, but its structure and development varied. It comprised the stratum compactum (SC) and stratum granulosum (SG). The SC formed a continuous membrane with unequal thickness in most of the studied segments, except for the cardia area of the stomach, where it appeared discontinuously, and the duodenum, where it only appeared between the apertures of the pyloric caeca. Aside from its role in limiting gastrointestinal distension, it may have other implications for the morphophysiology of the Danube salmon digestive tract.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Ioana Roxana ȘOIMUȘAN, Oana Andreea MASTAN, Ioan LADOȘI, Adina Lia LONGODOR, Aurelia COROIAN

Biogenic amines fulfill different roles in the proper functioning of the human body. They result from oxidation processes in food. Biogenic amines are mainly found in fermented products such as wine, fish, meat and cheeses. Their existence in small quantities does not affect people's health, but in a larger volume leads to poisoning. The most common biogenic amine poisonings were found in tyramine and histamine. The main symptoms of poisoning are increased blood pressure and headaches. The concentration of biogenic amines in cheeses is influenced by several factors: temperature, baking time, pH, the culture used, environmental conditions, the origin of the raw material (raw or pasteurized milk and microbiological load. Compliance with hygienic conditions and the correct manufacturing process does not increase the amount of biogenic amines.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Angelica DOBRE, Lorena DEDIU, Desimira Maria STROE, Mirela CREȚU, Floricel Maricel DIMA

Most of the human interaction with nature affects ecosystems, influencing human life quality. The aquaculture industry plays a pivotal role in global food security, but its growth poses multifaceted challenges to environmental conservation, urging the implementation of sustainable measures to safeguard aquatic ecosystems. In this context, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) have emerged as a pioneering approach to incentivize and ensure sustainable practices within the aquaculture sector. This study emphasizes the fundamental role of PES, it highlights its substantial impact in ameliorating environmental repercussions, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing water quality within aquacultural zones. The study underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders and advocates for effective monitoring systems to reinforce the efficacy of PES initiatives in fostering sustainable aquaculture practices. By centering on Romania's aquacultural context, this paper provides crucial insights into the implementation of PES within diverse socio-economic and environmental landscapes, contributing pertinent perspectives to the overarching discourse on sustainable aquaculture practices worldwide for a safe future.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Dragos Mihai LĂPUŞNEANU, Cristina Gabriela RADU-RUSU, Mădălina MATEI, Silvia Ioana PETRESCU, Ioan Mircea POP

The present study provides a two years overview of quantitative determination of total aflatoxin in maize from a Romanian feed mill. The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence and levels of total aflatoxins in maize samples analyzed during the 2020 and 2021; maize used as raw material in the compound feed production was prelevated for analyzes both in the raw material reception stage and from the unit's stock. To determine the aflatoxins concentration of maize from the reception stage, 1034 analysis were carried out in 2020 and 1191 analyzes in 2021. In order to assess aflatoxins occurrence and levels for deposited maize, were prelevated samples from the stock of the studied unit (48 samples in 2020 and 43 in 2021. Results showed that in 2020, from 1034 samples, 77.3% (n = 800) were positive, while in 2021, from 1191 samples, 57.9% were positive. For the determination of the total aflatoxin content of maize from the units stock, the incidence of positive samples was slightly higher in 2021 (65.1%), compared to year 2020 (56.2%). It can be concluded that it is important for feed mills to establish adequate control measures for mycotoxin contamination.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Taras PRUDYUS, Anatoly GUTSOL, Natalia GUTSOL, Roman KAMINSKY

The aim of the work is to find out the influence of essential oils in the diets of sows during farrowing and lactation on the amino acid and mineral composition of milk. The whole milk of sows obtained on the 21st day of lactation was studied, an increase of 9.69% of milk protein in the mass fraction of animals of the experimental group was observed. The amino acid and mineral composition of milk improved. The content of essential amino acids in milk increased: lysine - by 13.18%, alanine - by 13.11%, threonine - by 7.14%, histidine - by 22.22% compared to the control group. In the milk of the research group, an increase in iron content by 13.13%, phosphorus and zinc by 8% and 3.48%, respectively, was noted. The piglets of the research group had a greater increase: on the fifth day of life, the live weight was 5.4% higher; on the 14th day - by 0.4 kg, or by 12.5%, and at weaning (on the 28th day) - by 0.5 kg, or by 6.6% compared to animals of the control group.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Madalina Alexandra DAVIDESCU, Daniel SIMEANU, Cristina SIMEANU, Claudia PANZARU, Alexandru USTUROI, Steofil CREANGA

This study was conducted to analyze the blood biochemical parameters with aim to monitor the health status of 32 Romanian Grey Steppe cattle being in a national genetic conservation program due to their biological characteristics such as rusticity, adaptability to severe environmental conditions, increased resistance to disease, and longevity. A number of 8 biochemical parameters were statistically analyzed, respectively: GLI (glucose), CHO (cholesterol), TP (total protein), Ca (calcium), ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), P (phosphorus), and ALB (albumin). The cattle were between 2-24 years old. The results were analyzed by age category, respectively 2-10 years and 11-24 years. Mean values of GLI, CHO, ALB, and TP were higher in the older cattle group, while mean values of ASAT, ALAT, Ca, and P were higher in younger cattle. Monitoring the health status of endangered cattle breeds is an important aspect of genetic conservation program. In this research, the results of the biochemical profile fell within the range of the reference values for both age categories, an aspect that demonstrates the resistance, longevity, and genetic characteristics of this breed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Daniel ZABORSKI, Katarzyna M. KAVETSKA, Katarzyna SABATOWICZ

The aim of this study was to analyse dog bites (n = 213) in the area supervised by the County Veterinary Inspectorate in Stargard between 2018 and 2020. The proportion of dog bites was significantly higher in 2018 (44%; p < 0.05) and in the summer (36%; p < 0.05). Adults (84%) were bitten significantly more often (p < 0.05) than children (16%). Most frequently (56%; p < 0.05) the bite took place in the home or on the owner’s property. The highest percentage of bites (39%) was characteristic of 0 to 4-year-old dogs (p < 0.05). The proportion of biting males (70%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of females (30%). Mixed-breed dogs (77%) predominated (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of bites (16%) was caused by the smallest dogs (below 10 kg of body weight; p < 0.05). The proportion of bites caused by vaccinated dogs (81%) was significantly higher than that for unvaccinated animals (p < 0.05). The problem of dog bites requires further investigation, since the large proportion of cases is not reported.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Kety BALACI, Maria Desimira STROE, Angelica DOBRE, Monica MARIN, Dana POPA, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

The paper presents the main causes that can contribute to the decrease of fish stocks with economic value in the Danube River, based on an analysis of both the recorded fishing catches and the quantities of fish retained following the control actions carried out by the authorities with the right of inspection and control with the aim of combating fish poaching, as well as the normative regulatory acts in the field of fishing. A broader perspective involves analysing the environmental factors and their role in the decline of economically valuable fish species in the Danube. From the analysed data, it was found that following the specific actions organized and carried out by the competent authorities, significant quantities of fish with economic value, originating from illegal fishing, were confiscated, thus resulting in the fact that both the regulations that sanction acts of poaching and the capacity of the responsible authorities are insufficient.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Ion RĂDUCUȚĂ, Costică CRISTIAN, Vlăduț Dragoș BULMAGA, Andra-Georgiana PĂUN, Ion CĂLIN

The aim of the present work was to analyse the morpho-productive parameters of the R1 sheep resulting from the crossing of the local sheep from the north-eastern area of the country with the Awassi breed. The results showed that compared to the milk production of Tsurcana breed during the milking period (120 days), the milked milk production of R1 sheep in the first lactation is higher by 17.30 kg, the differences being very significant (P<0.001). Following the analysis of the external morphological characteristics of the R1 sheep, it emerged that the only character specific to the Awassi breed that was transmitted in a higher percentage is the long and drooping ears (36.7%), the other characters being transmitted in a reduced percentage (3.3-16.7%). The reproductive indices showed the highest values in the case of R1 sheep (compared to the Tsurcana breed, the prolificacy is 28.6% higher, and the numerical productivity index is 41.4% higher). All these results recommend the improvement of local sheep from the north-eastern area of our country through crossbreeding with the Awassi breed up to the second generation of absorption.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Gabriel MIHĂILĂ, Mihaela HĂBEANU, Anca GHEORGHE, Nicoleta LEFTER, Livia VIDU, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Monica MARIN

Hempseed has an excellent antioxidant content and is a rich source of essential amino acids and n-3 fatty acids. The objective of this paper consists on evaluating the hempseed Jubileu variety effects on performance, nitrogen (N) balance. The prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions was done as well. For 3 weeks of trial, a total of 15 pigs (39 kg ± 0.32) were randomly allocated individually in digestibility cages. Following a 7-day adaption period, there were two balancing periods where urine and feces were quantitatively collected. Two types of diet were used: Control group received a classical diet and Experimental group which received the same diet, supplemented with 5% hempseed. The growth parameter and carcass quality were not significantly altered by hempseed addition; however, a slight increased of ADG and feed conversion was noticed. Due to the significantly decreased of N concentration in the urine, TNO value was lower as well (P<0.05). A decline of N digestibility was noticed for HS group diet (P<0.001). Average value of N2O estimated was lower in HS fed group (P = 0.03). In conclusion, hempseed is a proteo-oleaginous source, which can be added in pigs’ diet with beneficial effect on performance, N metabolism indicators and N2O emissions.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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