ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Ilie ROTARU, Sergiu SECRIERU

In this paper there are presented the results of hybrids appreciation obtained by combining Large White mixed production, Landrace breeds maternal forms and Pietrain, Hampshire – paternal forms. It was proven that for the formation of qualitative carcasses it would be rational to use tri-racial hybrids LA x L x P in production units, which are characterized by globular hams and an intensive development of main muscles that are qualitative meat providers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Iuliu Gabriel MALOŞ, Gabriela MALOŞ

The paper was performed to improve the competitiveness of primary processors through a better integration of those into agri-food chain by quality schemes, increasing added value of agricultural products, promotion on local markets and short supplying network, inter-branch and producer organizations. The restoration and development of villages and especially resources preservation as an essential requirement to improve life quality occurs as an important element into utilization of local resources and environment protection. The paper aimed to present the evolution of traditional food production during the period 1990 -2011 in the North West Region, Center, North East, Muntenia Regions, South West, West and South East Regions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Ali Murat TATAR, H. Deniz ŞİRELİ, Muhittin TUTKUN

The replacement rate in cattle breeding has an important effect on the profitability of breeding as well as the success of the breeding program. Culling decisions play an important role whether the herd replacement rate is high or low. The replacement rate in cattle breeding has an important effect on the profitability of breeding as well as the success of the breeding program. Removal decision from herd will play an important role whether the replacement rate high or low. The reasons for culling were reported as low milk yield (29-36%), reproductive problem (15-27%), mastitis (18-23%) and other causes (25%). On the other hand, voluntary and involuntary culling rate are shown as 43,7% is 56.3% respectively. This rewiev focussed on evaluating the reasons for culling of cows, replacement rate, herd life and productive life in dairy cattle enterprises.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Alma LLAMBIRI, Lumturi PAPA

The aim of research was to study, for a period of 24 months, sows’ reproduction and production performances. In total 120 Large White sows and Landrace x Large White crossbred sows reared in the same conditions, were used in the study. Monitored and registered parameters were: the duration of the reproductive cycle; the birth rate and mortality; production efficiency of the sow etc. The crossbred sows (Landrace x Large White) showed: the lowest number of unproductive days, versus Large White sows, respectively 6.24 vs 9.52 and the lowest percentage of mortality respectively 4.31 vs 4.96. The crossbred sows had also the highest number of piglets born alive/sow/year, than pure breed sows, respectively 25.59 vs 24.89, highest number of weaned piglets/sow/year, respectively 10.33 vs 9.38, and highest weight of weaned piglets, reapectively 6.65 vs 6.42. Independently from the genetic type, piglets born from fifth delivery sows, resulted the heaviest at birth and weaning time. Growing photoperiod reduced calving interval, and neonatal deaths.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Mircea-Cătălin ROTAR, Mihail-Alexandru GRAS, Horia GROSU

The aim of this paper is to compare four methods for estimating the breeding value of sheep, for the milk production. The research was conducted at the National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition Balotesti, Ilfov. The biological material is represented by a flock of Palas Milk line, consisting of 805 animals: 344 downward, 121 rams and 340 sheep. The character analyzed was the amount of milk in the weaning lamb period to the end of the lactation. Lactation length was between 51 and 230 days. To estimate heritability (h2 ) and breeding value, BLUP methodology applied to an animal model was used. The heritability value was estimated by the method of single factor analysis of variance, and was 0.73. By the animal model, the heritability was stabilized at 19 1iterations, the value being 0.235. The breeding value was estimated in four ways: a) Performance (PP); b) Average performance of paternal half-sisters (PSS); c) LUSHIndex(IL); d) Individual Animal model (IAM). The best work option was comparatively analyzed through Spearman rank correlation and selection accuracy. The highest rank correlation was obtained with the combination IL –IAM, 0.82 respectively, due to the fact that the methods used commonly a high sources and amount of information. The opposite is the combination of IAM-PSS, where rank correlation is -0.0071. In terms of selection accuracy, the highest value was recorded for the IAM (0.52) and the lowest inbreeding value estimation based on PP (0.48), which indicates a superiority of IAM of 8.33%. In conclusion, to achieve a more precise evaluation of animal breeding, all available sources of information should be use in calculations. Also, the combination of these sources is recommended to be performed by using BLUP methodology, applied to an animal model.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Mioara COSTACHE, Cecilia BUCUR, Mihail COSTACHE, Daniela RADU, Camen Geogeta NICOLAE

Diversification of production in fish culture by introducing valuable species for which there is demand and tradition for consumption, is one of the main directions of development of aquaculture. Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), a valuable autochthonous species, is recognized for the quality of meat but mainly for the satisfaction offered in sport fishing. A crucial step for the introduction and expansion of perch in aquaculture, is to obtain biological material for stocking through artificial spawning. The paper presents results of experiments for artificial spawning of perch performed between March 20 and April 1, 2015. Were used a total of 120 broodstock collection in Arcesti and Ionesti reservoirs on the river Olt in the fall of 2014. For maturation and ovulation induction was used: carp pituitary extract - CPE, human chorionic gonadotropin - Chorulon HCG, GnRH or analogues, sometimes combined with dopamine antagonists - Ovopel. Technological parameters obtained from artificial spawning were within the following ranges: the percentage of maturation of females 34 -73%; embryo rate was 64 -85%, hatching rate 23 -65%. The best results were obtained when using HCG Chorulon as a stimulating agent for maturation and ovulation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Ionică NECHIFOR, Constantin PASCAL

Interest of sheep breeders of Karakul of Botoşani breed led to the pursuit of activities of technical evaluation and management of quality of pelts to a variety of colour approved in Romania in the year 2012. The entire batch of lambs subjected to assessments in each generation analysed come from crossings between genitors who belonged to the same variety of black colour. The aim was to study the mode of transmission of the characteristics that influence directly the quality of pelts when applying homogeneous crossings. Breeding activity was based on matching-pairs and was made on the basis of a number of differet couples, taking into account, however, the origin, the home line and the goal of improvement. Appraisal method of transmission of the characters which depends on the quality of pelts was realised on the first day after birth, taking account of the technical instructions and specifications of the certificate of origin and productive value. Classification of lambs in relation to the productive performance was done on the basis of final total average score. The study was conducted on successive generations of lambs obtained in the calving season between 2010 and 2015. From the analysis of the way in which descends in descent the waited characters is found that the process of improvement must be based, in particular, on an intensification of selection and on retention for breeding only the rams which show an improvement effect. Character analysis represented by the curl shape indicates that the desired types show a considerable improvement, as the last generation of assessed lambs, the valuable curl forms to be identified in over 70% of the total number of lambs subjected to research. Also, the effect of the selection applied it notes that at the apprizing of the curls after size, the desired type has rising values which confirms that the process of genetic improvement is one way. Instead, variations observed in ranking lambs in livestock classes after the total score value indicates a decrease from 33.3% to only 9% of lambs that meet the minimum requirements for the record. This suggests that it is necessary to measure the immediate reassessment of the reproductive couples and on the medium and long term a stronger selection for base characters and the application of more effective testing of males.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Monica MARIN, Camelia HODOȘAN, Carmen NICOLAE, Georgeta DINIȚĂ, Tomița DRĂGOTOIU, Lucica NISTOR

Sorghum is recommended to be grown in drier areas, being able to exploit the salty soils where the cereal growing is more difficult. For an efficient use in the animal organism, the grains of sorghum should be prepared by grinding, being also possible to be used in the compound feed recipes or in the mixtures of concentrates, and the sorghum plants through ensilaging. Some varieties of sorghum contain higher amounts of tannin, which negatively affects the animal performances. The purpose of the current study was to compare the chemical composition of two sorghum hybrids with other feeds for cattle or swine feeding. The recorded data showed that the chemical composition of the two analyzed sorghum hybrids was close, as there were no differences between the samples of grain or of pickled forage. The chemical composition of sorghum grains was close to that of maize, except for the crude protein, which was higher and that of crude fat, which was lower. Sorghum silage showed a higher content in ash and crude fiber, while crude protein, crude fat and N-free extractives were lower compared to maize silage. The calculated values for gross energy of analyzed forages are within the recommended values from the speciality literature.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Floricel CERCEL, Mariana STROIU, Daniela IANIŢCHI, Petru ALEXE

In our study we aimed the rheological behavior of fish myofibrillar proteins and of the homogenates of which these were obtained. For protein extraction and concentrates purification different methods were used. We tracked the variation of elastic modulus and phase angle according to temperature. Myofibrillar proteins determine the water retention and meat hydration capacity, fat emulsifying and gelling capacity. The source and the method of extraction influence the gelling properties of muscle protein. The protein concentration plays a key role in determining the heat induction properties of gels. Gelling properties of the muscle proteins are also influenced by heating temperature, temperature rise speed and of various adjuvants. Solubility and gelling properties are also important for obtaining edible films based on these proteins and also to obtain microcapsules.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Cemil TÖLÜ, Fırat ALATÜRK, Ahmet GÖKKUŞ, Türker SAVAŞ

In this study, seasonal changes in daily behavioral rhythms of Gökçeada sheep into the pastures were investigated. The research was conducted at Gökçeada Island located at the far-west end of Turkey in Aegean Sea. This study is a part of 3-year rangeland reclamation project. Experiments were conducted into 8 plots surrounded with fences including 3-4 years old 40 head sheep (0.15 ha/sheep) grazed into the rangeland for a year. Prickly burnet cover ratio was found between 71.4-88.2% in reclaimed plots 95.7-94.9% in control plots. The sheep were observed through directs observations with sampling method in day-time. Significant differences were observed in grazing behaviors of Gökçeada sheep in different seasons (P<0.0001). Grazing frequency was high in winter and spring seasons and low in summer season (P≤0.05). The sheep grazed in winter and spring seasons 2 times higher than autumn season. Grazing frequency was quite low in summer season. The sheep grazed in summer season rather in cool hours of the morning and evening. They spent rest of the day with resting and rumination. They spent majority of the day with grazing in winter and spring seasons. It has been concluded in this study that Gökçeada sheep, raised almost under wild conditions, were able to self-sustain into the rangeland with dominant prickle burnet cover through efficiently benefiting from prickly burnet in all season.

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