ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Laura URDES, Richmond LOH

Fish mycobacteriosis is caused by atypical Mycobacterium species, some of which can be transmitted to humans. Often, M. marinum, M. fortuitum and M. ulcerans have been described as with the potential to cause fish-borne zoonoses. M. fortuitum and M. marinum are most commonly reported in tropical fish. These are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods. Humans may become infected by contact with the diseased or infected fish or with contaminated aquarium water, via lacerated or abraded skin. We were called by a client to see some ornamental fish about which the client complained of being off feed for several days, lethargic, in poor condition, showing dropsy, scale loss and abnormal swimming. We asked about the history of these fish, we inspected the fish and tested the water. Three fish (two rosy barbs and one rainbowfish) showing overt signs of the disease, were retained for further investigations. Following euthanasia of the fish, we carried out post-mortem and histopathological examinations. Following the investigation the fish were confirmed infected with atypical Mycobacterium spp.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Sorin NITU, Mihaela GEICU-CRISTEA, Florentina MATEI

The increase in cheese consumption worldwide, in symbiosis with the promotion and consolidation of lacto-vegetarian diets, as well as with the support of foods with religious restrictions (Halal, Kosher), has imposed a sustained trend of identifying plant proteases with milk-clotting activity. In the spirit of this trend, appeared the necessity to scan the native flora of Romania, to find the local resources of vegetal milk-clotting enzymes. This article presents a series of tests performed on indigenous plants like Taraxacum officinale, Rumex acetosa, Lactuca sativa, Urtica dioica, to identify and evaluate the potential for milk coagulation, knowing that they are sources of plant protease. The research involved the use of plant tissues as such, but also in order to obtain extracts that were later used in milk coagulation. The analysis consisted in establishing the milk-clotting activity (according with Soxhlet method), but also physicchemical and sensory analyses. The obtained results revealed milk-clotting activity on almost all plants researched. A more accurate characterization of the purified plant milk-clotting enzyme would be interesting to be performed in the future.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Wisje Lusia TOAR, Agnitje RUMAMBI, Merci Rosyanty WAANI, Laurentius RUMOKOY

This study aimed to observe the comparison of productivity of ITP-Hi in the fifth instar stage of the Hermetia illucens (BSF) prepupa reared in two different organic media: dry media with a composition of 200 grams of rice bran, 50 grams of coconut pulp and 50 grams of fish meal; the wet medium consisted of a mixture of 100 grams manure of cow farm and mixed with wet garbage fruits (300 grams). The media was placed in a cylindrical container with a dimension of 15 cm high and 8.5 cm of diameter. A total of 100 larvae aged 5 days old were placed in each media. The parameters of this study were growth performance and accumulation of ITP-Hi which consists of body weight, body length, body thickness, body width. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) on body weight of H. illucens width of the two media. In addition, the growth performance of these insect larvae had a significant difference (P<0.05) higher from papaya fruit media compared to dry media. We concluded that papaya fruit is a good growth medium for BSF compared to media using coconut pulp and rice bran.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Victor ŢÎŢEI

Efficient animal-based agriculture is sustained by the cultivation of legumes. Forage legumes have the unique attributes of producing high-quality forage to enhance animal performance and the ability to utilize symbiotic nitrogen. Perennial legumes of the genus Astragalus are promising subjects in the search of new species and forms for introduction and breeding. We investigated some agro-biological peculiarities and the forage quality of Astragalus galegiformis, cv. 'Vigor’ grown in an experimental field of the National Botanical Garden (Institute), Chişinău. We found that the first cutting green mass contained 21.9% dry matter, but second and third cutting green mass – 31.9-34.2% dry matter. The dry matter of whole plant contained 231-234 g/kg CP, 111-126 g/kg ash, 247-248 g/kg ADF, 378-401 g/kg NDF, 31- 38 g/kg ADL, 209-217 g/kg Cel, 131-153 g/kg HC, 188 g/kg TSS,83.2- 87.52% DMD, 75.3- 82.3% DOM and RFV = 161-171, 13.6 MJ/kg DE, 11.2 MJ/kg ME, 7.2 MJ/kg NEl. The fermented fodder from Astragalus galegiformis 'Vigor’, contained 227-194 g/kg CP, 320-335 g/kg CF, 127-143 g/kg ash, 334-343 g/kg ADF, 518-524 g/kg NDF, 39-43 g/kg ADL, 34-92 g/kg TSS, 295-300 g/kg Cel, 175-190 g/kg HC, with nutritive value: 70.6-74.0% DMD, 63.0-66.0% OMD, 12.26-12.39 MJ/kg DE, 10.07-10.17 MJ/kg ME and 6.09-6.40 MJ/kg NEl. The cultivar 'Vigor’ of Astragalus galegiformis can be used as natural and fermented fodder for farm animals.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Alexandru POPESCU, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and feed efficiency, which is an important parameter in pig production, with economic and environmental impact. The gut microbiota has a fundamental responsibility in nutrient digestibility and influences feed efficacy and metabolism. It provides several functions: supply of enzymes which improve the feed value, metabolism of feed to produce nutrients and synthesis of vitamins useful to the animal body. The animals develop a gut microbiota over time and space. For pigs, the scientists use 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic sequencing for identify bacteria species and 18S rRNA for fungi. The gut microbiota is an important component of the growth variability in all living organisms, and microbiota knowledge could change the actions to obtain a sustainable and efficient lean meat production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Elena IRIMIA, Ludovic Toma CZISZTER, Daniela-Mihaela GRIGORE, Dinu GAVOJDIAN, Stelian BĂRĂITĂREANU, Livia VIDU

Given the lack of knowledge on the effects of farm size on the rearing practices of calves, the aim of the current study was to evaluate husbandry practices in small (<25 heads), medium (26-100 heads) and large (>100 heads) sized dairy farms from Romania. The current survey was conducted online and/or via telephone interviews in 2020, on a number of 58 dairy farms, representing an overall number of 12.721 dairy cattle. Regarding calving pens, large dairy farms used them in a significantly higher proportion than small farms (75% vs. 30.43%, p≤0.01) or medium farms (75% vs. 40%, p≤0.05), respectively. Only 4.34% of the small farms were using colostrum banks, while these were used by 6.66% medium sized farms and 55% large farms. The use of colostrum banks was significantly lower in small farms compared to medium (p≤0.05) and large (p≤0.001) farms, with differences (p≤0.001) being observed between medium and large farms. Current results highlight the differences in rearing practices of dairy calves, based on farm size.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Merri ROTINSULU, Heidy MANANGKOT, Godlief REMBET, Delly RUMONDOR, Martha KAWATU

This study used an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments, namely RA = 15% fish meal + 0% MHD meal, RB = 10% fish meal + 5% MHD meal, RC = 5% fish meal + 10% MHD meal and RD = 0% fish meal + 15% MHD flour. The results of the analysis of triglycerides and blood serum cholesterol in a sample of 20 laying hens, the analysis showed that MHD as a result of degradation of black fly larvae (Hermecia illucens L.) had a significant effect on triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol but had no significant effect on VLDL (Very Low density). lipoprotein) blood serum of native chicken (p <0.05). RC treatment, namely administration with 10% MHD flour is a treatment with the best response to the content of the blood serum lipid profile, and the use of MHD in laying hens up to 15% is as good / effect as the use of MHD in domestic broilers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Gheorghe DOBROTĂ, Lucian OPREA, Nicoleta-Georgeta DOBROTĂ, Mioara COSTACHE, Nino MARICA, Silvia RADU

Pike-perch is a very active predatory fish in its natural environment, but extremely sensitive in aquaculture units. Usually, the frequent manipulations may cause many losses in the fish farms, especially during artificial or controlled reproduction. This paper presents the obtained results at S.C.D.P. Nucet, in 2018-2020 period, regarding the pikeperch controlled reproduction in ponds units. The fish were divided into three experimental variants, in triplicate: V1 - controlled reproduction, without hormonal induction, V2 - controlled reproduction with hormonal induction (carp pituitary), V3 - controlled reproduction, with hormonal induction (synthetic analogue hormone-Nerestin 5A). Each variant used 5 females and 5 males with an average body weight of 2 kg/fish. The best technological indicators were registered in V3 variant, which was based on hormonal induction with Nerestin 5A hormone (88-92% eggs fertilization rate, 71-78% eggs hatching rate, about 2.7 million 7-8 days larvae). The smallest brood stock losses were recorded in V1 variant (without hormonal induction).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Silviya IVANOVA, Tsonka ODJAKOVA

Natural sources of trans isomers of fatty acids are primarily the milk fat and other fats from animal origin. The study was conducted with yogurt containing 2, 3 and 4.5% for the determination of biologically active and trans fatty acids and qualitative assessment of the fat fraction. Yogurt with 4.5% fat have a highest content of saturated fatty acids SFA- 3.13 g/100 g product, monounsaturated fatty acids MUFA- 1.18 g/100 g product, polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA- 0.15 g/100 g product, oleic- 0.98 g/100 g product, linoleic-0.08 g/100 g product, trans fatty acids- 0.14 g/100 g product, conjugated linoleic acid CLA- 0.03 g/100 g product as long as 2% yogurt is the poor of biologically active fatty acids- oleic acid- 0.43 g/100 g product, linoleic- 0.04 g/100 g product, trans fatty acids- 0.09 g/100 g product, CLA-0.01 g/100 g product. Lipid preventive score, index of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity is highest at 4.5% yogurt- 9.50 g/100 g product, 3.02 and 2.82. The analyzed yoghurts are characterized as a food product with a low content of trans fatty acids- 0.06 to 0.14 g/100 g product and a low content of saturated fatty acids in the yogurt with 2% fat- 1.45.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Silvia PĂTRUICĂ, Ioan PEȚ, Eliza SIMIZ

Climate change is a global phenomenon, driven by industrialization and deforestation, which over time has led to a reduction in the ozone layer and an increase in carbon dioxide. These have led to changes in the integrity of the ecosystem and biodiversity, affecting bee colonies as well. Temperature and humidity play an important role in the secretion of nectar in honey plants, while also influencing the feeding behavior of bee colonies. The study follows the evolution of the meteorological factors mentioned, in the period 2017-2021, during the production harvests of rapeseed, acacia, linden and sunflower, in April, May, June and July. During the analyzed period, statistically significant differences were registered for the analyzed factors compared to their average (p <0.05), with negative influences on the nectar secretion and implicitly on the capitalization of the harvests.

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