ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Ruiqin MA, Xinxing LI, Norian POPOVICI, Gabriela VARIA, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Liliana Mihaela MOGA

Mutton is an important part of the national diet, and its quality and safety are directly related to people's health. Therefore, accurate non-destructive testing of mutton freshness can effectively improve the level of food safety and ensure public health. In this paper, fresh lake mutton was taken as the research object, starting from the quality change mechanism of mutton, and the near-infrared spectrum data of fresh mutton was collected by using near-infrared spectrometer. In order to improve the computational efficiency and model performance, a principal component analysis model was established to integrate the NIR spectral data and extract the most important nine principal component features. Then, five near-infrared spectral classification models including logistic regression, SVM, SGD, decision tree and random forest were established to predict volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) to detect the freshness of mutton. The freshness prediction of decision tree model and random forest model has high overall prediction accuracy, which is more than 95%. The recognition rates of "Level 1" and "Level 2" samples in the decision tree model are 94.44% and 96.78%, respectively. The recognition rates of the random forest model for the "Level 1" and "Level 2" samples of the prediction set are 100% and 96.88%, respectively. Compared with the decision tree model, the random forest model improves the recognition rate of "Level 1" and "Level 2" by 5.56% and 0.1% respectively. The random forest model shows excellent prediction performance as the best classification model, with an accuracy of 97.96%. In this study, the potential of using NIR spectroscopy and machine learning models to predict TVB-N to assess the freshness of lamb was demonstrated. The theoretical basis of the freshness analysis method of other meat product quality is proved.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Tatiana IVANOVA, Minko ILIEV, Magdalena PETKOVA, Tatiana BOZHANSKA

The study was conducted in 2023 in the village of Palitsi, at the Elena Vaga cow farm. Two groups of animals of the Wagyu breed were formed. The first group was 19 heifers calved in Bulgaria in 2022. The other was 18 female calves born in 2022. The yield of fresh and dry grass mass, botanical composition and chemical analysis of the herbage have been studied. Female calves at three months weighted 95 kg, at 6 months - 178 kg, at 9 months - 225 kg, and at 12 months - 312 kg. In September, February and April, there was a negative increase in cows. The highest positive increase was in May, June and October. The yield of fresh and dry mass with hay maturity was higher than that of pasture maturity. A high percentage of participation in the grain group in the spring was established. Grass plantings in spring were characterized by a lower CB content and a higher NFE, and in hay maturity were higher values of SP, minerals, Ca and better in vitro digestibility of dry matter.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by George STATE, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Andra Dorina ȘULER, Andrada Elena MOISE, Gratziela Victoria BAHACIU

The implementation of food safety management systems (FSMS) is essential for ensuring food quality, consumer health, and regulatory compliance in food processing units. This review examines current monitoring practices, highlighting both established approaches such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and modern technologies like blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and real-time data analytics. These advancements enable more precise control, traceability, and risk management across the food supply chain. Despite technological progress, several barriers hinder effective FSMS implementation. Key challenges include insufficient staff training, limited financial resources, regulatory complexity, and difficulties in integrating advanced monitoring systems into existing workflows. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are particularly affected due to constrained budgets and technical expertise. This review underscores the importance of overcoming these barriers through targeted interventions. Future research should focus on cost-effective, scalable solutions tailored to diverse food processing environments, ensuring that FSMS implementation becomes more efficient, sustainable, and globally standardized.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Radena NENOVA, Stanimir ENCHEV, Pencho PENCHEV, Yordanka ILIEVA

Pasture livestock systems have an essential role in promoting sustainable farming practices in Europe, but they have disadvantages, especially in terms of animal health, as grazing animals are highly susceptible to parasitic infections. They can apply a significant economic weight to the production process, so the most frequently used control method is the administration of anthelmintics. This review summarizes the research on the use of alternative anthelmintics on global scale, reprising the policy for helminth control with envisage of more sustainable solutions including safety, quality and risk assessment. This is in line with the objectives of the national and international plans on resistance to medications. The competitiveness in the livestock sector should stimulate us to look for more efficient and profitable alternatives for their farming. Helminths can cause chronic and sometimes fatal diseases that infect an estimated two billion people worldwide, but the misuse and overuse of antiparasitic drugs can cause serious global drug resistance problems as well. This necessitates the isolation and identification of new anthelmintic drugs for veterinary and human medicine.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Wahidah MARUF, Agustinus LOMBOAN, Indyah WAHYUNI, Afriza YELNETTY, Delly RUMONDOR, Sylvia KOMANSILAN, Friets RATULANGI

This study aims to determine the levels of beta-carotene, carbohydrates, cholesterol and microstructure of duck nuggets with corn flour filler Provit A1. The method used was an experiment with a complete randomized design (RAL) of 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatment in this study was; P10 = Corn Flour Provit A1 10%, P20 = Corn Flour Provit A1 20%, P30 = Corn Flour Provit A1 30% and P40 = Corn Flour Provit A1 40%. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and mean differences were tested using the Tukey test. The observation parameters were beta-carotene content, carbohydrate content, cholesterol content and microstructure by the Electromagnetic Scanning (SEM) method. The results of this study are that Nuggets with a concentration of 20-30% Provit A1 cornmeal provide the best balance between beta-carotene content, a concentration of 20% provides a good balance between protein from duck meat and carbohydrates from fillers, while a concentration of 30-40% Provit A1 cornstarch provides a significant reduction in cholesterol.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Svetoslava STOYCHEVA, Lora MONDESHKA

This study examines the changes in the physicochemical composition of goat colostrum during the first five days postpartum, as well as the composition of goat milk on the 40th day of lactation. A total of 69 colostrum samples and 16 milk samples were analyzed, collected according to a schedule from 16 crossbred goats (Murciana Granadina × Bulgarian White Dairy - MG×BWD). The fat content decreased significantly from 7.13% on the first day to 4.74% on the fifth day and remained relatively stable (4,57%) up to the 40th day. The solid-non-fat content also declined, from 13,08% to 8,51%, with a notable drop during the first five days. Protein content decreased from 8,26% to 3%, and the salts also showed a significant reduction. The total solids decreased from 20,22% on the first day to 13,33% on the 40th day, reflecting an overall decline in other components. The freezing point rose (-0,796°C to -0,528°C), correlating with the reduced concentration of soluble substances. These changes indicate the gradual transformation of colostrum in to milk.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Ion RĂDUCUȚĂ, Costică CRISTIAN, Monica MARIN, Vlăduț Dragoș BULMAGA, Ion CĂLIN

Simple industrial crossing of local sheep breeds with specialized breeds for meat production is the fastest method to increase the quantity and quality of meat production. Our research aimed to study the growth rate abilities in intensive and semi-intensive fattening system of F1 crossbred lambs obtained by crossing Tsigai sheep of the rust variety with rams of meat breeds from France, namely Vendeen, Blanche du Massif Central, and Berrichon du Cher. The experiment was carried out at the biobase of the RDSSGB Secuieni-Bacău research station during 2020-2021. At the beginning of fattening, the lambs were 60 days old and had an average body weight ranging from 14.55 kg for the Tsigai breed batch to about 18.41 kilograms for the F1 crossbred lambs. In the case of both fattening systems, the batches of crossbreds belonging to the Vendeen x Țigaie and Berrichon du Cher x Țigaie variants stand out, which recorded a delivery body weight of 40 kg at an average age of approximately 142-143 days in the case of the intensive fattening system and 166-167 days in the case of the semi-intensive fattening system.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Tiberiu Sebastian IANCU, Ruxandra PAVEL, Lucian IONIŢĂ

Sheep (Ovis aries) are frequently used as experimental models in various fields of biomedical research, necessitating the development of ethical and effective anesthetic protocols. This paper aims to review and evaluate current anesthetic protocols for sheep, focusing on their application in experimental research settings. Emphasis is placed on the importance of ethical treatment, including minimizing pain, distress, and physiological stress while maintaining adequate anesthesia levels for surgical procedures. Several approaches are discussed, including preanesthetic preparation, drug combinations, and monitoring techniques. Special attention is given to the balance between ensuring animal welfare and achieving scientific validity. This review also addresses key considerations for specific protocols, particularly those involving sheep, offering insights into sedation, induction, and maintenance strategies that reduce the risks of complications such as regurgitation and aspiration. The goal is to guide researchers in adopting practices that align with ethical standards and experimental objectives, ultimately enhancing the quality and reproducibility of research outcomes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Andrei Cristian ANGHEL, Ionelia ȚĂRANU, Alina ORȚAN, Narcisa Elena BĂBEANU

The weaning period is critical in piglet development, marked by a weakened immune system that makes piglets susceptible to E. coli F4 infections. This bacterium disrupts the intestinal lining, causing severe diarrhea, which hinders nutrient absorption and slows growth, often leading to high mortality rates. While antibiotics and zinc oxide have helped manage these infections, stricter regulations drive the need for alternatives. Polyphenols from agro-industrial by-products are promising due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the in vitro antimicrobial effects of polyphenol extracts from mustard seed meal against E. coli. Extracts were derived from both unfermented and S. cerevisiae-fermented mustard seed meal to assess fermentation’s impact on antimicrobial activity. Over 24 hours, bacterial growth was monitored in varying polyphenol concentrations, with significant antimicrobial effects observed from both extracts. These findings highlight mustard seed meal’s potential as an alternative to antibiotics and zinc oxide in piglet farming, promoting a sustainable, circular economy.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Mitică ROMAN, Floricel Maricel DIMA, Silvius STANCIU, Anca Nicoleta CORDELI (SĂVESCU)

Aquaculture involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms for human consumption, animal feed, or recreational purposes. This practice enhances food availability, protects endangered species, and reduces environmental impact. In Romania, aquaculture has notable potential due to its rich natural resources and increasing demand for sustainable fish products. The sector includes 750 economic operators, generating over €100 million in turnover and €15.8 million in net profit, while employing approximately 2,000 people. Bucharest leads in the number of operators, followed by Ilfov, Brașov, Cluj, and Iași. Tulcea County alone contributes over 15% of the sector's turnover, while Bucharest, Iași, and Botoșani concentrate about 25% of the workforce. Tulcea and Constanța counties are key hubs for freshwater aquaculture, benefiting from favorable geographic and ecological conditions, adequate aquatic resources, and a strong local tradition in aquaculture practices. These regions illustrate the sector’s potential for economic growth and sustainability. Freshwater aquaculture represents a distinct component of Romania’s economy, with contributions extending beyond local businesses, influencing the national economy while aligning with global efforts to promote sustainable resource management and environmentally friendly food production practices.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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