Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Ion BALAN, Nicolae ROŞCA, Vladimir BUZAN, Sergiu BALACCI, Vlada FURDUI, Vasile HAREA, Roman CREŢU, Gheorghi BACU, Galina OSIPCIUC, Ecaterina VÎHRIST
Lately, the research and study of oxidative stress on the functioning of the male reproductive system has intensified. Free radical oxidation processes play a very important role in the functioning of each living cell, on the one hand, this is a necessary stage of various metabolic processes, but on the other hand, the processes of free radical formation intensify, which can cause various pathological changes in the cells and tissues of living organisms. In living systems there are mechanisms for generating active forms of oxygen, as well as biological systems for protecting intact cells from the influence of active forms of oxygen (ROS). In the norm between these systems there is an equilibrium, which provides a normal functioning of subcellular structures and organs as a whole, but this balance very often can be disturbed in the direction of non-compensation of ROS generation and the appearance of oxidative stress. This is a state of the living cell, in which the discoordination of ROS formation processes and the functioning of the antioxidant protection system takes place. At the same time, under normal conditions, the modified macromolecules undergo regeneration or are destroyed. In the processes of oxidative stress the recovery regimes are insufficient, and as a result damaged molecules accumulate in the body (Поварова et al., 2015). It is currently considered that the balance between the ROS generation system and the antioxidant protection system after their elimination have a decisive significance in regulating the functioning of cells. A significant imbalance of the antioxidant-prooxidant system can cause inhibition of the fertility properties of ejaculate. According to the results of the literature, at present the following main interdependent causes of dysregulation of male fertile function in the process of development of oxidative stress are highlighted. First of all, a decrease in the mobility of male reproductive cells is observed, which occurs due to a decrease in the elasticity of the membrane of reproductive cells, and therefore a decrease in the mobility of the flagellum (Галимова et al., 2016). The involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of male infertility has predetermined the study and research of the effectiveness of various antioxidants in regulating and proceeding metabolic processes in the process of spermatogenesis.
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