Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Ștefan-Teofil VLAD, Anton HAMZĂU, Ioan CUSTURĂ, Carmen CHELMEA, Maria ȘTEFAN, Răzvan UȚĂ, Georgiana-Magdalena GHECIU PÎRLEA, Daniela-Mihaela GRIGORE, Ioan PEȚ, Goran PANICI, Minodora TUDORACHE
Turkey farming is a significant sector of the poultry industry, greatly influenced by the rearing systems employed. This review explores the effects of different rearing systems intensive, free-range and extensive, on turkey production performance, including growth parameters, feed conversion efficiency, carcass quality, and meat characteristics. Existing global studies indicate that intensive systems provide the highest productivity but are associated with challenges related to animal welfare and sustainability. Conversely, extensive and organic systems improve animal welfare and meat quality but result in lower production levels and higher costs. The review also examines the role of turkey genotypes, the influence of diet and environmental conditions on performance, and the trends toward adopting sustainable systems, including the use of renewable energy and efficient waste management. Challenges, such as high costs and the need for strict regulations, are highlighted alongside opportunities for improvement through precision technologies and the integration of ecological practices. This review underscores the need for future research to identify best practices that balance productivity, animal welfare, and sustainability in turkey farming.
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