Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Vladimir ZDOROVININ, Julia KULIKOVA, Ildar MAVLUDOV, Tatiana DOROFEEVA
The article describes the development and differentiation of the intermuscular and submucosal nerve plexuses of the large intestine of the fetuses of cows from 50 days of age to birth. On days 50-70, the muscular membrane of the intestinal wall is built from bundles of smooth muscle cells, clearly divided into inner (annular) and outer (longitudinal) layers. Ganglia are laid between them, forming the intermuscular nerve plexus. The submucous nerve plexus differentiates later. The development of the nervous apparatus of the rectal wall is ahead of the development of similar structures of the colon and cecum. Enhanced growth and differentiation of nerve cells in fetuses is noted from 95-120 days. The first synapse-like contacts were observed in the intestinal ganglia at the age of 4.5 months of embryonic development. Enhanced differentiation and growth of nerve cells of the submucous nerve plexus is observed in fetuses of a cow at 6-7 months. By the end of the embryonic period and in early postnatal ontogenesis, connective tissue gradually overgrows the developing ganglion of the colon wall. Before the birth of the fetus, the nervous tissue of the colon wall forms a complex intramural nervous system, represented by four plexuses - intermuscular, submucosal, actually mucous and sub-serous. There are a large number of mature synaptic contacts. The study examines the stages of morphological changes in the development of intestinal ganglia from the aggregation of neural cells to the formation of a complex intramural nervous system in the walls of the colon.
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