ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Laura BOICENCO, Tania ZAHARIA, Monica MARIN, Gabriela MALOȘ, Daniela IANIȚCHI, Nicoleta IȘFAN, Victor NIȚĂ

The phytoplankton is a fundamental link in the trophic chain and is one of the indicators to assess the status aquatic ecosystem. To assess the qualitative and quantitative structure of Phytoplankton in September 2012 has been used samples collected from marine area of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve with plastic water sampler (Niskin type). The qualitative structure of phytoplankton was characterized by the presence of 53 species belonging to six algal taxonomic groups (Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta). The diatoms have dominated the number of qualitative structure of phytoplankton species in most areas, their share ranging between 39% and 54%. The dinoflagellates were the second group that diversity, the proportion ranging from 27% and 44%. September 2012 was characterized by values of densities between 67 - 453•103 cel•l-1 and for biomasses between 0.22 – 1.08 g•m-3. The diatoms have dominated for more than 70% in density and 50% in biomass. The conclusion of this case study, confirmed by previous researches, is that the phytoplankton is not presented as an integral whole viable, but is rather the appearance of a heterogeneous floating tanatocenosis. The site ROSCI0066 Danube Delta - the Marin Area does not have a specific phytoplankton, because the mixed waters from here are always pushed by winds and currents in all directions, especially towards South.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Roxana Gabriela ARGHIRIADE, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU, Ioana NICOLAE, Monica MARIN, Tomița DRĂGOTOIU

The experiments followed the increase of nitrogen from a source inorganic (urea) used in feeding cows and its effect on milk production and milk quality. The OPTIGEN product is used in proportions between 1 and 3% of fodder for cows in lactation, which means quantities of urea between 60 and 180 g/head/day , the inorganic total crude protein weight source intake of cows varied between 10 and 20%. The quantitative determination of milk production and its qualitative analysis have revealed very little differences both between batches and between determinations from the same batch, which after processing the statistical differences proved insignificant. These results demonstrate that inorganic nitrogen in the OPTIGEN product can be harnessed properly by the lactating cows, also causing nutrition specialists to find solutions allowing both increasing the weight ratio of the inorganic source, and improving the milk production and quality parameters.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Georgiana LIȚOI

This paper aims to study the effect of feed rations structures and other factors on the reproductive performance and the yield in dairy cattle. It follows a study conducted between January 2013 and January 2014 on 60 animals from Arges County, using the comparative method. The animals were analyzed by groups, in a commercial type A farm and in GP system (household population) and by the period of the sexual cycles.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Vasile BĂCILĂ, Ion ROȘU, Cristinel Gigi ȘONEA, Annamaria BĂCILĂ

The research aim was to highlighted the fact that by crossing the local sheep (Merinos) and meat production specialized breed there are obtained good quality meat production lambs with superior performances besides the local breed performances. There were conducted two experimental groups, the control group consisting of 50 sheep were mated by the same breed rams and the experimental group consisting of 50 Merinos sheep mated by Ile de France rams. It was determined the body weight of lambs at birth, of one month age, two months age, three months age and at the age of delivery, at six months. 5 lambs were slaughtered in each group and there was calculated the slaughter yield There conclusions were drawn: 1. The crossbred lambs, males and females had a larger weight than the lambs from the control group at all the ages the determinations were made. 2. The slaughter yield was higher in crossbred lambs comparatively the ones in the control group. 3. By industrial crossing there was achieved an improvement of the growth speed and the slaughter yield, obtaining superior quality carcasses, very well quoted in EUROP classifying system.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Ionuț Cristian TĂNĂSOIU, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU, Tomița DRĂGOTOIU, Monica MARIN

The purpose of the paper is to track the production of honey, its chemical analysis and determination of the economic efficiency of supplementary feeding of bee families during the fall, winter and spring. Chemical analysis of honey indicated in most cases according to its characteristics, supplementary trace evidence of industrial products and is noticeable only at the four experimental batches, where they found traces of industrial glucose. Although experimental batches recorded higher output compared to the control batch, however, due to expenses related to supplementation, only 3 groups, namely those who received Apiinvert, Melisol and glucose-fructose syrup recorded higher profits of 9%, respectively 31.6% compared to the control batch, retrieving other lower profits, the lowest value being noticeable in the experimental batch that was used as a semisolid food supplement, which had a deficit of 11.52% compared to the control batch.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Ion BUZU

The research purpose was the factors which determine the variability of Karakul sheep body weight, heritability degree identification and repeatability of this character, determining the selection efficiency of the sheep by this important character. The research has been made on the Moldovan Karakul sheep flock INZMV, village of Maximovca, Anenii Noi district. The body weight of the sheep was determined with technical weighing scales: at birth, 20-90 days, at 6-18 months, adult age, annually. The research has shown that the body weight of Karakul sheep has a decisive impact on meat production and on fur skin surface obtained from new-born lambs. Thus, from the rams of 6 months, which were intensively fatted, with body mass 35-36 kg, it were obtained carcasses of 16.6 ± 0.3 kg, of R and U categories, according to UE classification scale. The slaughter yield of these ram lambs was 47.5 %. From reformed sheep, which were intensively fatted, with body mass of 64-65 kg, were obtained massive carcasses, with weight of 32.3 ± 1.0 kg, reported to R and U categories, according to UE classification scale. The slaughter yield of these sheep was 54.8 %. It has been found that, as bigger are the lambs at birth, that bigger is the standard surface of the fur skins. With increasing of lambs body weight at birth from 3.9 up to 4.4 kg, the share fur skins with big surface (> 1400 cm2),increase from 28.2 % up to 63.8 % or 2.3 times (P < 0.001). With further increase of lambs body weight up to 5.4 kg, increase substantially the share of fur skins with very big surface (> 1800 cm2), from 15.3 % up to 91.4 % or with 6.0 times (P < 0.001). Phenotypic correlation coefficient (rxy) between body weight of Karakul lambs and standard surface of fur skins is: rxy = 0.64 ± 0.04 (nst = 10-15-22; P < 0.001). From corpulent parents it were obtained progeny with a big body weight. The rams with big body weight 86-100 kg have given progeny with high body weight at birth of 5.16 ± 0.03 kg, rams with average body weight of 71- 85 kg, have given progeny with average body weight of 4.78 ± 0.04 kg, and rams with low body weight of 60 – 70 kg, have given progeny with lowest body weight – 4.45 ± 0.04 kg. The progeny of corpulent rams exceeded, after the body weight at birth, the progeny of average rams with 0.38 kg or 7.9 % (P < 0.001) and of the small ones with 0.71 kg or 16.0 % (P < 0.001). This shows that between body weight of ram fathers and body weight of lambs progeny exist a positive genotypic correlation. In good years with sufficient vegetation on the pasture, the body weight of the sheep achieved a high level, and was on average at breeding batch: at adult rams – 92.6 ± 3.0 kg, at sheep jelly – 57.8 ± 0.3 kg, at rams of 18 months – 63.6 ± 5.5 kg, at sheep of 18 months - 53,1 ± 0,4 kg, being significantly higher, than in bad years, respectively, with 11.7% (P < 0.05), 14.8% (P < 0.001), 16,1% (P < 0.05) and 7.6% (P <0.001). Based on the research results, it were made following conclusions: body weight of Moldovan Karakul sheep is one of the most important morph productive selection characters, because it has a direct impact on both, the meat production and on fur skins surface obtained from lambs at age of 2-5 days after birth; the internal factors which treat the phenotypic variability of body weight, the most important is heredity (genotype), and of external factors – nutrition and feeding (forage base); sheep of Moldovan Karakul type are more precocious, comparing to sheep of Asian Karakul, which represents one of the interior biological particularities of this interracial type of sheep. This type of sheep continue to grow in body until the age of 2.5-3.5 years. Selection of Moldovan Karakul sheep after the body weight is modestly efficient, thanks to heritability and moderate repeatability of this character. The coefficient of body weight heritability is not very high (h2 = 0.3), but quiet (tr = 2.6; P < 0.01). The coefficient of body weight repeatability (rw) at different age of young sheep and adult sheep varies within the precinct of 0.23 – 0.47.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Vladimir BUZAN, Gheorghe BORONCIUC, Ion BALAN, Nicolae ROȘCA, Ion MEREUȚA, Melania BUCARCIUC

The intensity of the vital processes in spermatozoa in addition to the transmembrane defects is determined through activity of membrane-bound enzymes. The purpose of our research was to study the activity of membrane-dependent enzymes in the sperm of different animals species at cryopreservation. In experimental studies were used physiological, cryobiological and statistical methods that were held on the plasmatic membranes of sperm of the boar of Large White breed and the roosters of Rhode Island Red breed. The obtained results in the study of the activity of Mg+2 (Na+ + K+) - ATPase in the membranes of spermatozoa of the diluted sperm, and after freezing and thawing of sperm of rooster and boar attest substantial destruction of the plasmatic membranes of these breeds. Activity of 5’-nucleotidase in isolated rich fractions of plasmatic membranes of native spermatozoa of rooster and boar not suffer essential changes at cryopreservation of sperm these species. Our research revealed minor changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the membranes of native and frozen-thawed rooster and boar spermatozoa. The study of the above enzymes of plasmatic membranes of spermatozoa of rooster and boar are certain theoretical and practical interest. They allow obtaining new data on the chemical composition of the membranes, reveal the specific relationship between the content and ratio of the structural components of membranes and the resistance of rooster and boar spermatozoa to low temperatures.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Ehud ELIA, Dana Catalina POPA, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

The goal of the project was to establish a low-tech cheap sustainable food production system that combines traditional fish farming with hydroponics (cultivating plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil), in a symbiotic environment. We used local fish and plants species only. The project was conducted in two different stages: "construction" stage and "fish" stage. The goal of the start-up stage was to build the grow bed for the plants, to establish the water circuit, to set the lights and to prepare the fish tank for the fishes. For the "fish" stage we used local fish species (carp and caras). The goal of the stage was to build the nitrogen-fixing bacteria colonies in order to provide a constant NO3- rich water (around 50 mg/l), with as low as possible traces of NH3 / NH4+ and NO2- (below 0,5 mg/l). This was established by testing the NH3 / NH4+, NO2- and NO3- values under several environmental changes (pH, temperature, lighting, quantity of fish in the tank etc.) in order to identify the best combinations to achieve the goal. Upon completion of the second stage we'll test different local species of plants with the already established system. The goal of the project is to find the best combinations of fish, plants and environmental conditions in order to have a cheap, sustainable symbiotic food production system, easy to be replicated by anyone.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Lucian IONITA, Elena POPESCU - MICLOSANU, Ioan CUSTURĂ, Consuela ROIBU, Minodora TUDORACHE

In order to determine the influence of the daily duration of illumination on growth parameters as weight gain and feed valorization in young quail of Baloteşti population, an experiment was organized by a total of 600 chickens divided into two groups of 300 animals each. A lot has been exposed to light 24 hours a day during 0-6 weeks of growth and the other to 24 hours light per day during the first 3 weeks and 14 hours per day in the last 3 weeks of growth. Overall, growth parameters were higher in chicks subjected to a daily 24 hours light per day, while the mortality rate was reduced by about 50 % and the electricity consumption for lighting by 20.83%in the other group.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Valentina CEBOTARI, Ion BUZU

The aim of the research was to identify the degree of heritability of main biological morph-productive characters of Apis mellifera carpatica bees family to streamline the process of genetic improvement of bee populations. The research was performed on the population of experimental bee apiary of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences located stationary in a forest glade in the center of the country. It was studied heritability of major morpho-produtive characters such as queen prolificacy, family strength, brood viability, resistance to disease and the amount of honey gathered in the nest. The heritability coefficient of morpho-productive characters was calculated by the method h2 based on determining the genotype correlation of the above mentioned characters at 20 pairs of mother-daughter families. Research results have shown that between homologous characters of mother families and daughter families exist a genotypic correlation at different levels, from below average until strong, depending on selected character and the amplitude of the phenotypic variability of character. It was found that the genotypic correlation between mothers and daughters characters is enough strong at characters with narrow phenotypic variability, such as: disease resistance, queen prolificacy and family strength, and lower at characters with wider phenotypic variability, such as brood viability and the amount of honey gathered in the nest. The amount of genotypic correlation coefficients (rmf) of characters from the first group varies within the limits of rmf = 0.78 ± 0.05 and rmf = 0.85 ± 0.03. The coefficient of heritability (h2) of these characters being also at a high level, in the range of 0.61 to 0.72 having a certitude of the highest threshold of the theory of probability forecasts without error after Student (P < 0.001). At the morpho-productive characters from the second group, such as, the brood viability and the amount of honey gathered in the nest, the genotypic correlation had an average level, comprised within the limits of 0.60 ± 0.09 and 0.56 ± 0.09 with enough high certitude, and the coefficients of heritability of these characters were at below average level, in the range of 0.36 0.31 (P < 0,01). The obtained results of researches of heritability of principal biological morpho-productive characters have been used to elaborate the plan for genetic improvement of bee families and prediction selection effect, calculated by the formula Es = h2 · d, where: Es - selection effect of selected character obtained in a generation; h2- heritability coefficient of selected character; d - the differential of selection, calculated by the formula: d = Mlp - Mst, where: Mlp the average value of selected character on families of bees from the breeding stock; Mst- the average value of the selected character on the bee families from whole apiary. The selection effect of bee families by morph-productive biological characters from first group, with the heritability coefficient (h2) over average, was bigger than the effect achieved in selection of bee families by the characters in the second group, the coefficient of heritability (h2) below average.

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