ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Emilia ION (RĂDUCUȚĂ), Ion CĂLIN, Ion RĂDUCUȚĂ

After the integration of our country within the EU have occurred major changes in the sheep breeding sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution and situation of sheep breeding sector in Romania in relation with the sheep livestock, the number and size of sheep exploitations, sheep breed structure, improving of genetic potential of livestock and sheep productions. To achieve these objectives we have studied the official statistical data, we calculated the percentage difference between the reference years and we interpreted data obtained. The results showed that the sheep livestock has increasing with 20.8% in 2012 compared with 2002 and with 15.1% compared with 2006. In terms of number and size of sheep exploitations, the results showed that in the year 2012 there were 271,266 exploitations of sheep of which 63.9% are individual exploitations that have an average number of 4.2 heads sheep per unit. However, compared with the existing situation in 2002, the number of exploitations is 2.4 times lower in the year 2010, especially based on decreasing of small exploitations respectively those which are framed in class less than 10 heads. Compared to the total number of sheep from our country, namely 8.83 million heads in 2012, the percentage of the number of sheep included in official control is very low, respectively 3.3%. The study shows also that meat production and milk production in particular have increased significantly over the period considered, while the wool production increased slightly.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Livia VIDU, Vasile BĂCILĂ, Alina UDROIU, Razvan POPA, Dana POPA, Mirela STANCIU, Minodora TUDORACHE, Ioan CUSTURĂ

Generally cattle produce 95% of the total milk from the market, over 33% of meat production, 90% of all raw hides and 75% of the livestock manure. Romania can ensure forage for seven millions cattle. At present, there are 2.162.013 cattle, of which 1.231.857 dairy cows. Based on this situation requires a review of breeding strategies and the distribution of species and breeds in different geographical areas. The preservation of natural resources as a support for biological, social and economic life is the key for sustainable development of society. In last years it has imported and other breeds of cattle. Montbéliarde breed has adapted very well to the climatic conditions and plant resources in our country. In France, the country of origin, it is considered a milk breed with the average milk yield about 7500 kg / normal lactation (305 days),3.8 to 3.9% fat and 3.45% protein. The total number of Montbeliarde dairy cows is at present in Romania over 2000, of which 676 animals in official control of production. The current study was conducted in three farms in the south of Romania. In these farms animals have been brought from France, heifers in pregnancy months IV-VII. After the end of the first lactation, production data were recorded and statistically analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed on a number of 379 primiparous cows. It was noted that the main parameters of production showed variations between farms. Thus, the duration of lactation had values between 314-330 days, with implications on the quantity of milk and the reproduction activity. Regarding the average quantity of milk per cow values were recorded between 5646 and 6320 kg milk and fat percentage of 4.14, respectively 3.80%. The production values are influenced by many factors (conditions of feeding, milking, sheltering) and they influence the total quantity of milk for processing, and quality.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Undang SANTOSA, Ghoffar KHUSNU

Transportation caused stress and had impact on the body weight loss of Bali cattle after arriving at the destination. Body weight loss due to the stress of transport can be suppressed and reduced by administration of ascorbic acid. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose of ascorbic acid how best to give effect to body weight loss of Bali cattle during transportation. The experiment used randomized block design (RBD) consisted of 4 treatment dose levels of ascorbic acid (0 mg/kg body weight, 50 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight and 150 mg/kg body weight ) were repeated 6 times, it took 24 head of Bali cattle. The difference between the treatment effect was tested using the Dunnett test. The results showed ascorbic acid significantly (P<0.05) reduced body weight of Bali cattle loss during transportation. Treatment with ascorbic acid dose of 100 mg/kg body weight gave the lowest loss of 4.083 kg (2.431%) at the time of transportation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Hendronoto A.W. LENGKEY, Fenny R. WOLAYAN, Obin RACHMAWAN, Lilis SURYANINGSIH, Eka WULANDARI

The study of the effect of fermented feed supplement on meat pH and tenderness of broiler was aimed to determine the effect of the feed fermented with Aspergillus niger. Meat tenderness may be influenced by changes occurring during muscle conversion to meat and these changes may be controlled, to improve meat quality. The feed supplement is a mixture of solid coconut oil and solid tofu waste, which were fermented by Aspergillus niger. With this feed was fed to 120 Cobb-strain day old chicks for 5 weeks. And then the meat was boiled at 60oC and checked the meat pH and tenderness. This experiment was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 6 x 4; consisted of six treatments{(R- 0)0% fermented feed supplement, (R-1) 5%; (R-2) 10%; (R-3) 15%; (R-4) 20%; and (R-5) 25%}; and each treatment was repeated four times. Statistical tests performed by analysis of variance and the differences between treatments effect were examined using Duncan’s multiple range test. The results indicated that usage up to 25% fermented feed supplement in the ration will increase the meat tenderness and the pH.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by T. WIDJASTUTI, R. WIRADIMADJA, D. RUSMANA

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot is the larvae of a fly Hermitia illucens, which hatch in four days, very well used as a source of protein feed ingredients for poultry and could be used to substitute fish meal (FM) where still a lot of imported. BSF maggot meal contains 46.58% crude protein, crude fiber 4.32%, 23.56% crude fat and metabolizable energy 3457 kcal/kg and the amino acid profile has similarities with the amino acid profile of fish. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of fish meal substitution meal by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) maggot meal in the diet on quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) production performance. One hundred female Japanese quails at 6 weeks of age were raised in cages until 20 weeks old. The treatments were 5 types of diets, i.e., R0 (100% FM), R1(75% FM + 25% BSF), R2 (50% FM + 50% BSF), R3 (25% FM + 75% BSF) and R4 (100% BSF). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used 5 treatments, replicated four times, and if there are any significant effect then followed by orthogonal contrasts test. The results showed that treatment substitution of fish meal (FM) protein with maggot meal (BSF) protein in quail diet was significant effect on feed consumption, feed conversion and egg weight but was no significant effect on egg production. The average consumption of R4 treatment (100 % BSF maggot level) was lower than the R0 treatment (100% FM level) in production of quail egg. This indicated that black soldier fly (BSF) maggot meal can be used to alternative protein source of feedstuff to substitute fish meal protein in quail diet.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Sunbul Jassim HAMODI, Firas Mozahim AL-KHILANI

This experiment was conducted at the Poultry Farm, Poultry Research Station, State Board of Agriculture Research, Ministry of Agriculture, to study the effect of supplemental Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) to Japanese quail diets on productive performance. A total of 360 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) female 60 days old were used in this study. They were randomly distributed to 3 treatments. Roselle flowers were supplemented at the levels of 0.2, 0.4% and compared with the control group for 140 days. The result showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in egg production percentage , accumulative egg number, egg weight and egg mass, while feed consumption increased significantly and feed conversion ratio improved significantly by supplementing 0.4% Roselle flower compared with supplementing 0.2% Roselle flower and control groups. Significant decrease in mortality percentage in Roselle treatments compared with control group. There were significant increase (P<0.05) in some egg interior quality by supplementing Roselle flower at two levels 0.2, 0.4% compared with control group.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Mostafa A.R. IBRAHIM, Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Andreea ANGHEL, Nicu DOBRIN, Ibrahim ABDELRAZEK, Mohamed E. EL-SHARAWY, El-Shenawy El-SEFIY, Dorina MOCUTA

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different energy doses of helium–neon (He–Ne) laser irradiation on the functions and functional quality of sheep spermatozoa during in vitro liquid storage. In the study of the quality of stored turkey semen was found to be improved significantly following He-Ne laser irradiation and irradiation with He- Ne laser prevented their in vitro liquid storage-dependent damage. It was found also in another study, that irradiation increased the sperm motility index, viability, and cell energy charge. Frozen ram sperm samples in the present study, were thawed in a water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds. Samples pool was divided into three aliquots: one represented the control and the others two was irradiated with He–Ne laser at two different energy dose (3.96 and 6.12 J/cm2). Motility, viability, osmotic-resistance, acrosomial and DNA intactness were evaluated. The lower dose of laser energy resulted to be ineffective (P<0.05) than other irradiated samples and control. No significant difference between the control and the irradiated samples for viability and osmotic resistance, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity was found. However, the semen samples irradiated with 6.12 J/cm2 showed a slight increase in sperm progressive motility, viability, osmotic resistance, acrosome and DNA integrity, respect to the semen samples irradiated at low energy doses and control semen samples. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of higher doses of He-Ne laser irradiation on the improvement of the quality ram semen after freezing-thawing process.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Laurentius J.M. RUMOKOY, Wisje L. TOAR

Neonate losses are very important case in young animals in Indonesia, which is due to the virus, bacteria or parasites in conjunction with failure of passive transfer (FPT). Consequently, it is very urgent to break down these problems by realizing a scientific strategy on immunoglobulin-G (IgG) passive transfer in neonates. The existence of neonates life naturally depends on environmental conditions included to the nutrients supplied by their mother. The proteins immunoglobulin contained in the mother’s colostrums are essential nutrients for immunity system of the newborn. This article aims to present the use of protein immunoglobular in colostrums through passive transfer of antibodies as a strategy in response to the high mortality rate of neonate animals in Indonesia, especially to goat farm in traditional farm maintenance system. In a farm system like this, it has a high risk of pathogenic infection. Limitations on the immune system of a new born occurred because in the uterus, a variety of antibody molecules from mother circulation cannot be transferred through the placenta to embryo. Consequently in the new ex-utero environment, such individuals are very susceptible to various infections of pathogenic micro-organisms.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Cristian Romeo REVNIC, Catalina PENA, Gabriel Ovidiu DINU, Alexandru SONEA, Cosmin SONEA, Flory REVNIC, Bogdan PALTINEANU

The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological parameters of cardiac contractility in rabbit heart with hyperthiroid condition experimentally induced with T3. Our study has been done on 10 male rabbits treated with T3 (i.p. injections 4.5 mg/kg body weight) fo 4 weeks. Rabbit hearts have been mounted in a Langendorf retrograde perfusion system and after 30 minutes ischemia followed by 60 minutes reperfusion with Krebs Hanseleit bicarbonate-buffered saline at 37°C, pH 7.6 supplemented with 10 mM glucose, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate (H.R.) and coronary flow (C.F.) have been measured. Our data have pointed out that as far as LVDP parameter is concerned, in T3 treated rabbits, cardiac recovery is achieved at higher values above those from controls. Cardiac frequency is not different in T3 treated rabbits in comparison with controls. There is a decrease in coronary flow in hyperthyroid rabbit heart in comparison with controls, in both cases there is a decrease of this parameter during reperfusion with lower values in controls and a tendency of reaching a plateau value.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LVII
Written by Florentina Claudia DUMITRACHE, Monica MARIN, Cristina PANDELE

The experiment was performed on seven weeks old chickens. Experimental and control groups have been made. The insulin was administrated in a dose of 4.00 U.I./kg body weight, once a day. The treatment was performed for 8 day and the chickens were periodically weighted. The pancreatic juice was obtained in an acute experiment. Than, pancreatic juice was volumetric measured and the flow of trypsine and amylase was measured too. The results were statistically processed and the means and standard error of means were calculated. The statistic significance differences of the means between control and experimental group was searched by Student test. Following the experimental treatment of insulin on chickens, these results were obtained: 1. Insulin induced a juice flow of 387.5 microliter/kg body weight/30 minutes, insignificantly increased versus the control group. 2. Insulin increased the flow of pancreatic juice amylase and trypsine; that could explain the significant increase of the weight gain.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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