ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Carmen Daniela PETCU

Food safety has to be assure and proven along all the stages of the food chain, starting from raw materials and ingredients obtaining, their transport, final products processing, marketing and consumption. The present paper has as major aim the emphasizing of the correct establishing of the processed and marketed product groups, and also of the correct and complete monitoring of the processing technology in catering type units. It is implemented a food safety management system based on HACCP principles in the studied unit where was made the analysis. There were established five large groups, depending on the technological stages necessary for their processing. There were established the flow diagrams which include all the stages of the processing technology and after a documented analysis of safety food risks there were established the monitoring and keeping under control methods. In the studied unit two critical points were identified and monitored and also two operational preliminary programs. The recorded made by the responsible designated people proved that the technological flows are kept under control, the control critical points are kept and the keeping of the operational preliminary systems could guarantee safe food products delivery to the consumers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Condrea DRAGANESCU

In SE Europe there are 4 local Romanian groups of sheep breeds. Old, useful genetic resources, they also are historical and archaeological documents. One of them, Valachian (erroneously named 'Zackel') reflects the Daco- Thracian descent of the Romanians; the other (Corkscrew horns Vallachian, erroneously named 'Racka“, Tsigai; and Ruda) are of Roman descent. These breeds could be useful to clarify some controversial history literature in SE Europe regarding the relationship between the peoples, their genes, and the languages they speak, especially since the genetic and linguistic trees of the human population in this region can be different. The North Carpathian countries are believed to be populated by people of Slavic origin. The old Vallachian and Tsigai sheep presence in this area is connected to an old presence of immigrant or autochthon Valachs who may have lost forcefully or willingly their language, and being assimilated produced different deviations of Slaves from their genetic type to the Romanian one. Hungarians, inhabitants of the former Roman Pannonia, are classified language-wise as Magyars, “which imposed its language on the local Romance-speaking population.” (Cavalli-Sforza 2000). Palaeogeneticaly it is demonstrated that modern-day Hungarians are genetically just only about 10% Magyars and according to some estimation about 50% Slavic, 30% Romanian (an underestimation), and some 10% German and Gypsy. The Vallachian (Zackel) sheep, present in Pannonia ad least since the Middle Ages, Corkscrews horns Vallachian (erroneously named Racka), Tsigai and Ruda attest the former presence of Romanians in this region and attest that “Hungarians” are ethnically somehow also Romanians. The Slav populations of the South Pannonia Basin countries, north of Jirecek lineare, according to some historical data (Noel Malcom 1994), some admixtures of Slavic people, Vlachs, and Valachs. Practically all the sheep breeds from the area are Vallachian (“Zackel”, named Promenka), Tsigai, Corkscrew horns Valachian, and Ruda. In spite of their linguistic diversity, the “nations” which immigrated during the Middle Ages from this part of Europe are perhaps somehow genetically similar to the assimilated Valachs, perhaps themselves with a former large intertribal variation, reflected by the intra and inter sheep group breed variation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Roxana ARGHIRIADE, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU, Monica MARIN, Tomiţa DRĂGOTOIU, Izabela OPREA

To ensure the necessary amount of protein for dairy cows with high milk production represents for farmers a permanent challenge directed both to supply and store raw protean materials, as well as to search for the means to exploit the ruminant digestive peculiarities in terms of producing microbial endogenous protein with high biological value of non-protean nitrogen sources in terms of energy and mineral optimization. Starting from these considerations, we have achieved a formula optimization during the ‘’stable’’ period, meant for this category of animals by means of total or partial substitution of the main raw protein material in compound feed structure (soya meal) with an alternative source of nitrogen (urea) in four experimental variants of formula. For this operation, we approached the three basic levels necessary for the replacement of an organic protean source with an inorganic one, such as: adjusting the speed of decomposition at ruminating level, speed and length of nitrogen release ; to ensure a suitable level of energy support, speed and duration of release of nitrogen; creating a suitable spectrum for some mineral elements involved in microbial protein synthesis. In these circumstances, we managed the formulation of some compound feed in where the share of total provided non-protein nitrogen varied between 18.3 and 29.6%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU

The paper aimed to identify beekeepers’ opinion on the development of apiculture in the Southern Romania based on a structured questionnaire based survey. In this purpose, a sample of 60 beekeepers from Calarasi, Ialomitza and Prahova counties answered 34 questions logically listed. The answers were statistically processed according to the specific marketing research methods and the following results were obtained: average apiary size was 67.4 bee families, a number of 4,044 bee families are kept in the 60 apiaries considered in the study and their honey production accounted for 105,161 kg, meaning 26 kg per bee family in 2011. About 55% beekeepers own between 50 and 100 bee families per apiary, 38 % less than 50 and 7 % over 100 bee families. Honey production depends on the number of bee families but also on bee feeding, pickings opportunities, climate conditions, maintenance during winter season. In 2011, the 60 beekeepers earned Lei 20,142,760, meaning Lei 298.75 per bee family from honey sold on the domestic market. As a conclusion, despite that apiary size and honey yield are still very small specific to subsistence farms compared to other countries, beekeeping is continuously developing in Romania being a profitable sector of agriculture. The unbalanced demand/offer ratio on the Western European market is a chance to increase honey production, to intensify export and to improve beekeepers’ income.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Minodora TUDORACHE, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Ioan CUSTURĂ, Elena POPESCU-MICLOŞANU, Livia VIDU

A production cost means all costs for inputs consumption performed by the enterprise for goods and services produced and offered. Production costs are very meaningful about business quality and it is a decision-making condition for every producer; lowest cost level is the standard in choosing the right option. These researches were intended to give an overview about these problems. Objectives were first to find unit costs for feeds and kg carcass to broilers type Bio and second to reduce unit costs by changing energy and protein content of feeds for these broilers. Experiments were performed at S.D.E. Avicola Moara Domneasca with 150 broilers type Bio of Plymouth Rock race divided in three treatments based of nutritive value of combined feed given (ME, E1, E2). Experimental period had 84 days same as in production technology of ecological chicks. Data that was obtained during the experiment was processed and so it was noticed that best slaughtering results were obtained in group E2 (receiving a combined feed with diminished energy level). Finally unit costs were analyzed per kg processed feed (1,366 E2– 1,362 EM lei) and per kg carcass (15,044 E1 – 15,223 E2 lei).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Andi FIŢA, Ion CĂLIN

Study of average performances in a population have a huge importance because, regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. So, the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. This study have the principal purpose to analyze heavy weight in young rams because this indicator is used in selection process. The biological material is represented by a sample of 327 lambs from Teleorman’s Black Head Sheep, exploited, at different ages, breed in Braila County.. The average performances of character is presented in the paper. We can observe an important grade of variability with some differences between gain classes. The average performances of the characters are very good and between characteristic limits of the breed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Carmen Daniela PETCU

Meat products are going on to be on an important place in human being nutrition, because they are available in a large variety and could be consumed fresh, without any thermal processing. The present study has in view the legal requiring keeping range applicable to some meat products. During July 2011-April 2012 there were analyzed samples of meat and there were established the following parameters: water content, salt, nitrites, fat and protein. The obtained results proved that the recipes and processing technologies are kept, excepting a few samples which recorded an exceeding of the maximum admitted limit for salt content. Concluding, it is necessary the permanent monitoring of food industry units regarding keeping of the imposed parameters for the processed foodstuffs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Maria Antoaneta POPA

In the new vision of the EU, quality and quality control require monitoring food products from the stage of obtaining the raw materials to the final consumer. According to the own research undertaken in this work which had aimed the study of quality indicators of poultry meat, absolutely required at EU level, as a result of the existence of a free trade of food products within the European Union. Thus, in assessing the quality of carcasses from the point of view expressed above, the specific parameters were taken and analyzed for two genetic types, in two consecutive years and different seasons. The water content of the carcass has different values at the two genetic types analyzed. In season 1, the year I was determined a value of 64.5316 ± 0.4106 percent at ROSS 308 and 65.1820 ± 0.3724 percent at COBB 500, the differences observed between the two hybrids are statistically nonsignificant. In season 2, it was determined a value of 64.4656 ± 0.3989 percent at ROSS 308 and 65.5412 ± 0.3442 percent at COBB 500, the differences are significant from the statistical point of view. In season 1 of the second year of the experiment, at the ROSS 308 hybrids of the average water content was 64.4264 ± 0.3807 percent, while COBB 500 66.3212 ± 0.3051 percent, statistically significant. Season 2 reveals the existence of close values of the average content of water in the two seasons, those two hybrids being taken into question.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Paul-Rodian TĂPĂLOAGĂ, Alexandru ŞONEA, Alexandru IANCU, Elena MITRĂNESCU

Semen production from reproduction boars depends upon different factors as: age, breed, using way to natural mating or collecting, but also the environmental conditions. The present researches have in view to establish how three influence factors as breed, age and collecting season could change the quantitative and qualitative indices of the semen. There were analyzed 65 boars owing to three different genetic types: Large white (16 boars), Landrace (16 boars) and Pietrain (33 boars). At every collecting there were recorded the following sperm indices: macroscopic-sperm volume and microscopic-sperm concentration (x 106spz/ml), and total number of sperm cells/ejaculate (x109). The influence of the three factors was made along two years, studying the dynamics of the sperm volume, concentration and total number of sperm cells/ejaculate depending on boars breed (large white, Landrace and Pietrain), boars age (1 year, comparative two years) and collecting season (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The results of the research regarding the season of semen collecting revealed the fact that the value of the analyzed sperm indices was superior in the cold season.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science., Vol. LVI
Written by Octavian NEGREA, Vioara MIREŞAN, Grigore ONACIU, Camelia RĂDUCU, Liviu OANA, Flore CHIRILĂ, Adriana CRISTE, Zamfir MARCHIŞ

The investigations performed at S.C. Agronova Impex SRL. from the county of Cluj, on a stock of 490 Simmenthal cattle (430 dairy cows and 60 gestant heifers), during December 2011 - March 2012, emphasizes a prevalence of the podal disorders of 26.0% in cows (112 animals with podal disorders) and 15% pregnant heifers (9 animals with podal disorders).The incidence of the podal disorders on cattle nucleus stock in this unit, in correlation with the evolution type, emphasizes some aspects: necrotic pododermatites 9.5% (47 cases); podal ulcer – Rusterholz 5.7% (28 cases); necrosis between fingers 6.5% (32 cases); tiloma 2.8% (14 cases). We must note that frequency of these podal disorders reported to the nucleus stock is with 10.4% biger in posterior trend compared to anterior trend (35 cases anterior trend – 7.1% and 86 cases posterior trend – 17.5%. The used therapeutic patterns aimed a rigorous surgical cleaning and use of different drug formulas function of evolution form, meaning: in pododermatites, ether iodoform + Petlain (3 treatments at 3 days interval); in necrosis between fingers, ether iodoform +Spray (2 treatments at 3 days interval); in podal ulcer Spray with antibiotics + sulfonamides (2 treatments at 4 days interval), and in tiloma Spray with antibiotics (2 treatments at 3 days interval)

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