ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Paul UIUIU, Daniel COCAN, Radu CONSTANTINESCU, Călin LAŢIU, Florentina POPESCU, Cristina EL MAHDY, Andrada IHUȚ, Alexandru SAVA, Camelia RĂDUCU, Vioara MIREŞAN

The body temperatures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss were monitored from June through August 2018 in three trout farms from Bistrița-Năsăud County (Romania). The body emperature was measured from 3 different regions of the body: head, trunk (epaxial and hypaxial muscle region) and caudal peduncle. Body temperatures were compared to the asins water temperature. The lowest water temperature in the basins was recorded in May and June, in Șoimul de Jos farm, and the highest temperature in Fiad farm. In July, trâmba farm, recorded the highest water temperature, and in August, Fiad farm. In all farms studied, the body temperature of the trout was higher than that of the basins water temperature regardless of the studied region. The highest differences between the basins water and body temperature in farms were found in the caudal peduncle and epaxial uscle regions, due to their role in locomotor mechanism. This is due to the high growth density, the feeding and the intensification of metabolism, with energy release, as ell as a much higher level of stress than that encountered in the natural environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Maya POPOVA

A study of the gestational length (GL) in mares from the Haflinger breed and the influence of the age, mating season and sex of the foal on it was conducted. The records used for the study were from the breeding register of the breeding mares (15 mares and 49 pregnancies) from the State Stud farm “Kabiuk” near Shumen, Bulgaria, for a 9 years’ period (2010-2019). It is established that the mares from the Haflinger breed are covered for the first time at average age of 3.98±0.78 years, average age at first fertilization - 4.02±0.80 years and average age at first foaling - 5.79±1.43 years. The GL is on an average 329.27±1.90 days. The mating season (P<0.05) and the sex of the foal (P<0.05) are significant sources of variation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Ioan CUSTURĂ, Minodora TUDORACHE, Anca GHEORGHE, Ilie VAN, Monica Paula MARIN, Gratziela Victoria BAHACIU, Andra Dorina ȘULER, Andrei MARMANDIU, Elena POPESCU-MICLOȘANU, Cosmin ȘONEA

Observations has been performed on biological material inside teaching waterfowl farm of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest during December 2019 - June 2020 and results are compared with those recorded in year 2001 for groups of 60 birds of races Peking, Campbell khaki and Indian Runner. During this period there were monitored and analyzed the following breeding and production parameters: body weight, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, egg weight and day-old body weight. Peking Duck had an average body weight of 2358 g for females and 2696 g for males and an egg production of 120.42 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 77,62 g and a fertility of 87.34 % and a hatchability of 54.52% and a day-old body weight of 44.04 g. Campbell khaki Duck had an average body weight of 1683 g for females and 1954 g for males and an egg production of 189.77 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 68.37 g (significantly lower compared to 2001) and a fertility of 89.61% and a hatchability of 58.42 (significantly higher) and a day-old body weight of 35.05 g (significantly lower). Indian Runner Duck had an average body weight of 1791 g for females and 2040 g for males and an egg production of 173.74 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 69.86 g (significantly higher) and a fertility of 83.31% and a hatchability of 51.11% and a day-old body weight of 37.25 g (significantly higher).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Minodora TUDORACHE, Ioan CUSTURĂ, Anca GHEORGHE, Ilie VAN, Gratziela Victoria BAHACIU, Andra Dorina ȘULER, Georgeta DINIȚĂ, Monica Paula MARIN, Elena POPESCU-MICLOȘANU, Ion RĂDUCUȚĂ

This paper has described breeding and production performances of three Muscovy duck lines (spotted, white and black) during December 2019-June 2020 which has been raise on the teaching waterfowl farm Moara Domnească o f the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest and results are compared with those recorded in year 2001. Each line group has been of 55 birds in size. There were monitored weekly, monthly and for whole laying cycle the following parameters: body weight, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, egg weight and day-old body weight. Spotted line had an average body weight of 2427 g for females and 4566 g for males an egg production of 59.42 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 78.21 g and a fertility of 88.48% and a hatchability of 39.79% and a day-old body weight of 47.10 g. White line had an average body weight of 2580 g for females and 4450 g for males and an egg production of 72.06 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 76.56 g and a fertility of 86.00% with a significantly lower hatchability (35.80%) and a day-old body weight of 48.32 g. Black line had an average body weight of 2262 g for females and 4750 g for males and an egg production of 52.45 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 84.72 g and a fertility of 90.24% with a significantly higher hatchability (40.90%) and a day-old body weight of 49.92 g.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Minodora TUDORACHE, Ioan CUSTURĂ, Ilie VAN, Georgeta DINIȚĂ, Andra Dorina ȘULER, Paul ANTON

Researches performed in this study aimed to study semen quality and breeding efficiency and other characters that in conjunction are shaping the fecundity of breeding cocks in ROSS 308 breeding cocks under the influence of some microclimatic factors (light intensity, birds density). Observations during the three trials (A – with analyze parameters sub-standard and litter made of chopped straws B – with analyze parameters above standard and litter made of rice hulls and C – with analyze parameters at the level recommended by the manufacturer of biological material and litter made of wood shavings) were performed during 3 control weeks (25, 35 and 45) during production period (19-64 weeks). The values obtained for sperm concentration were between 0.730 ±0.02 billion/ml, in week 45 – series C of trials and 1.044 ± 0.07 billion/ml in week 35 – series A of trials. Therefore stress due to microclimatic parameters stepping up manifests itself through slight decrease in the concentration but secures a consistency of its value on a longer period which would positively influence the effectiveness of breeding.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Răzvan Mihail RADU RUSU, Marius Giorgi USTUROI, Roxana Nicoleta RAȚU, François DJITIE KOUATCHO, Gabriel Vasile HOHA, Alexandru USTUROI, Claudia PÂNZARU, Ana LEAHU, Mircea OROIAN, Sorina ROPCIUC

Bromelain is a vegetal originating enzyme known for its effects on meat tenderization. The purpose of this study was to investigate to which extent the treatment with two sources of bromelain affects the histological properties of pork loin (myocytes integrity, proportion of connective and pure muscular tissues) as well the textural ones (shear force) and its technological parameters (drip loss and cooking yield). Forty-five slices of swine Longissimus dorsi muscles (10 mm thickness) were used as biological material, randomly assigned to a control group (CG-no bromelain hydrolytic treatment-15 slices), to B1 group (triturated pineapple, diluted with distilled water 1:1, resulting 50% aqueous extract - 15 slices kept in marinade 12 hours) and to B2 group (bromelain 1% aqueous solution prepared from commercial food additive, bromelain powder of 2000 GDU/g - 15 slices, kept in marinade 12 hours). Tissue square pieces were sampled from the center of the loins and submitted to paraffin impregnation technique, followed by a hematoxylin, eosin, methylene blue staining and studied via photonic microscopy for the histometric assessments. Cubic samples of were also cut from each slice and submitted to a shear force reading cell. Water holding capacity was then measured on the meat provided by half of the remained slice surface, using the grinding-centrifugation technique while cooking yield was calculated after samples weighing and cooking through deep frying at 250°C into sunflower oil, during 15 minutes. The results suggested that bromelain treatments affected the histological integrity of the samples, more than 17.5 % of endomysium being hydrolyzed in experimental groups, compared to control one. This resulted in apparent increase of the surface occupied by muscular tissue (+6.92% B1vs. CG and +13.18% B2 vs. CG) (P<0.05; P<0.01), versus the one occupied by the connective fibers, as observed and measured within the microscopic field. Bromelain treatments induced better tenderness, suggested by lower instrumentally measured shear force (52.13 N in CG, 48.52 N in B1 and 44.48 N in B2). However, better water holding capacity was measured in CG (WHC=16.78%) due to less tissue disintegration, compared to experimental groups B1 (WHC=14.21%) and B2 (WHC=13.47%) (P<0.05). The cooking yield was consequently better in CG (CY=74.35%), due to lower exudation than in enzymatically treated meat (B1, CY=71.82%; B2, CY=70.25%). Therefore, bromelain enzymatic treatment improves the histological and, subsequently, textural features of pork loin, while the technological properties were reduced by the enzymatic proteolysis. It still remains to investigate to which extent the textural improvement is justified by loss of technological properties and by certain taste and flavor expected alterations, due to the known bromelain bittering potential.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Jet Saartje MANDEY, Desben KOGOYA, Bonie Fredrik Jan SONDAKH, Cherly Joula PONTOH, Christina JUNUS

The study aimed to determine the carcass characteristics of native chickens consumed gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L) Medik) leaves in drinking water. A total of 100 unsexed DOC super native chickens were used. The treatments were: water without gedi leaves; 10 mL of gedi leaves juice (GLJ)/L; 20 mL of GLJ/L and 30 mL of GLJ/L. Treatments began to drink to chickens 6 weeks of age, for 5 weeks. Diet was 73% commercial diet plus 10% yellow corn and 17% rice bran. The study used a CRD consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The data have been processed into the following indicators: carcass yield (carcass weight, percentage of carcass, and percentage of carcass commercial pieces), and carcass characteristics (percentage of heart, liver, gizzard, pancreas, and abdominal fat). Results showed that the administration of GLJ up to 30 mL had a non-significant different effect on carcass yield and carcass characteristics except in liver was significantly different. GLJ did not have a negative effect on livestock, there was even a tendency to reduce the abdominal fat, and economically still profitable. As a conclusion, GLJ can be used as an alternative additive in drinking water of native chicken up to 30 mL/L.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Atanas VUCHKOV

The Kalofer longhaired goat (KLG) and the Bulgarian screw-horned longhaired goat (BSLG) are indigenous goat breeds in Bulgaria, reared in some mountainous regions of the country. 12 male kids (6 of KLG and 6 of BSLG), born as singles, were slaughtered immediately at weaning at 90 days of age, without a period of intensive fattening after weaning. Based on the results of slaughter analysis of suckling kids from the two local goat breeds, it can be concluded that the average weight of the cold carcass was 9.88 kg for male suckling kids of KLG and 9.79 kg for kids of BSLG. Dressing percentage of chilled carcass, without the offal was 48.87 % and 50.5% for KLG and BSLG, respectively. The linear measurements of the carcass of male suckling Kalofer longhaired kids at 90 days of age were as follows - big carcass length – 49.50 cm, length of ham – 32.16 cm, circumference of ham – 32.83 cm. The area of m. longissimuss at 11th ribs was 10.39 cm2. The ratio meat:bones in the carcass of suckling Kalofer longhaired kids at 90 days of age was relatively high - 2.99:1. For males Screw-horned kids, the linear measurements of a carcass were as follows – big carcass length – 56.66 cm, length of ham – 30.16 cm, circumference of ham – 30.18 cm. Area of m. longissimuss at 11th ribs was 10.0 cm². The ratio meat:bones was 2.87:1.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Ylli BIÇOKU, Medin ZEQIRI2, Grigor GJEÇI, Ergent PIRE

The aim of this paper was to analyze the economic efficiency of dairy cattle farms in Albania and Kosovo. It’s a descriptive and quantitative survey and the target populations were the dairy farmers in six regions of Albania and seven regions of Kosovo. The random sampling technique was used to select the respondents in both countries (in Albania 79 farms and in Kosovo138 farms), in Albania from the list of the Regional Agricultural Directories and in Kosovo from the list of Paying Agency. Two methods of data analysis were used, namely: descriptive statistics, and gross margin analysis. The objective of this study was the comparison of the performance of the 5-10 cows farms (considered small farms) and 11cows farms (considered medium/large sized dairy farms). Data on: milk production, farm expenses and returns, use of milking machine, artificial insemination, fodder production, and feed bought in the market for each farm were recorded during the period 2015-2016. In Kosovo, the Gross Margin per Farm from milk and meat and Gross Margin per Farmfrom milk for the farms with 5-10 milking cows have negative values -318 Euro/farm and -673 Euro/farm, respectively, while the 11+ cows farms have positive values (3743 Euro/farm and 922 Euro/farm, respectively). While in Albania, as average the GMpF milk+meat and GMpF milk in both type of farms have positive results, however 15.8 percent of the 5-10 cows are showing negative results for the GMpF milk (loosing money), while for the 11+ cows farms this indicator is 31.7 percent, as the cost of production is very high. Taking into account the results obtain is a must that extension service to train the farmers for better: management of their farm, feeding system, fodder production, animal health etc

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Verginica SCHRÖDER, Mariana ARCUS, Andreea Hortanse ANGHEL, Florica BUSURICU, Anca Cristina LEPADATU

Morphogenesis and cellular differentiation present a remarkable interest in studies of cellular regeneration, cellular responses to xenobiotics or the evaluation of tumorigeneses and cytotoxicity induced by substances with therapeutic potential. The study of the process of cellular differentiation and its modifications under the influence of natural extracts was made on the larvae (naupliar stages) of Artemia salina. As a result of high sensitivity and accessibility in laboratory manipulation, the larvae of Artemia are used as animal models in the aquaculture, the assessment of acute cytotoxicity and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The larvae in the growth period pass through a lot of moulting processes which are associated with epithelium cell divisions and the rearrangement of these in tissues structures within a period of several hours. The assessment of cellular differentiation was followed after the exposure of freshly hatched larvae to natural extracts. The effects of the compounds were measured by determining the survival rate of larvae and microscopically observing visible changes. Natural extracts from Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg, Chelidonium majus L., Tragopogon dubius Scop, Usnea barbata L., Galanthus elwesii Hook. were analyzed. A cytological study performed on these biotesters indicates a significant correlation between cell differentiation and metabolism. Some potentially cytotoxic compounds induce changes in organogenesis. The results highlight shape changes of the epithelial cells, alteration at intercellular connections, rearranging and reorganizing the primordium appendices cells and altering membrane and blocking cellular differentiation.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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