ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Marinela ENCULESCU

The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological profile of Romanian Black and Spotted dairy calves during the first three months of life. Forty dairy calves, clinically healthy, from the Experimental Farm of the Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti were screened for hemoleukogram (CBC) evaluation using the Abacus Junior Vet 5 haematology analyser. Comparisons between age groups (t1: 3-7 days; t2: 30 days; t3: 60 days; t4: 90 days, n = 10 heads/age group) were performed using One-Way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Significant differences in the erythrogram components for platelets (PLT) and mean platelets volume (MPV) were observed (PLT: t1 vs t2: p = 0.0001; t1 vs t3: p = 0.0014; t1 vs t4: p = 0.0000; MPV: t1 vs t3: p = 0.0148). Statistical differences for leukocytes (WBC) and monocytes (MO) were also observed (WBC: t1 vs t2: p = 0.0397; t1 vs t3: p = 0.0214; MO: t1 vs t3: p = 0.0284). The main blood parameters studied were significantly different during the first three months of life of the calves, expressing a haematological adaptation pattern of the un-weaned dairy calves.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Nikolay MARKOV

Data on skin thickness and growth dynamics of hair cover of meat cattle of Aberdeen-Angus, Hereford and Limousine breeds, freely raised on the farm of the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, are provided. Skin measurements in the neck, the elbow joint and the middle of the last rib were measured and analysed as well as the structure of different fiber categories of the hair cover. The measurements of skin thickness were performed with the aid of the skin-fold caliper in seasons (winter and summer). The hair weights in 1cm , the length and percentage of the different fibers were determined. The animals surveyed show good adaptation plasticity in the process of generational change.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Doru NECULA, Arghil ILEA, Ioan COMAN, Octavia TAMAS-KRUMPE, Daria FENEȘAN, Laurenţiu OGNEAN

Wild mountain pastures are situated at high altitudes (800-1500 m), where they benefit from a rich and diversified flora, with terpenes and propionic bacteria that are found in salty soils, poor in iron and manganese, these conditions being crucial for the process of obtaining the Emmental cheese. The milk that comes from these ecological areas is characterised by a superior quality of the basic biochemical compounds and their ratio in addition to their rich content in biologically active substances and probiotic bacteria (especially lactic and propionic bacteria), all of these factors having a major impact on the process of obtaining and valorising the different types of Emmental cheese. The quality of the Emmental cheese is also ensured by the temperature-humidity regime that is specific to the mountainous region together with the addition of sodium chloride and the action of specific mechanical factors that help with the process of whey extraction. There are many types of Emmental cheese that differ based on the technological process, time of maturation and the specific of the region where it is made.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Tsonka ODZHAKOVA, Genoveva STAYKOVA, Pavel TODOROV

Subject of the study were 682 sheep of the Karakachan breed, reared in three flocks in the region of the Middle and Western Rhodopes in 2018. The aim of the study was to create a phenotypic characteristic of the main selection traits of Karakachan sheep, under different breeding conditions in a mountainous area. The live weight and fertility traits were studied at 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 years. Body measurements of sheep were taken at 2.5 years. The indexes for stretching, chest, massiveness and compactness were calculated. It was found that the Karakachan sheep breed meets the productivity and body measurements standards defined in the breeding program. The average live weight in the studied flocks varied from 36.620 kg to 39.410 kg under different conditions and altitude. The highest live weight was reached by the animals from the Agricultural and Stockbreeding Experimental Station (ASES) Smolyan - 40.53 kg at 4.5 years of age. The biological fertility for the studied period varied from 92.2% in ASES - Smolyan up to 103% in the village of Smilyan. Body measurements and body indexes establish the indicator dynamics, within the norm, under different breeding conditions and confirm the authenticity of the breed type in the Karakachan sheep breed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Petruta Mihaela MATEI, Iuliana Diana BARBULESCU, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU, Valerica TUDOR, Mihaela BEGEA, Razvan Ionut TEODORESCU

The winery by-products contain phytochemicals that are characterized as bioactive components that exhibit nutritional properties. The natural bioactive compounds and nutritional properties of winery's by-products vary with the grape variety and wine making method. The aim of this work was to characterize the nutritional value of grape marc (GM) and yeast biomass (YB) from white wine making using Feteasca Regala variety. Polyunsaturated fatty acids around 67.65% of lipids in GM are essential fatty acids representing phytochemicals with antioxidant properties (omega 6 representing 66.95% of lipids) compared to YB (29.88% and omega 6 representing 24.33% of lipids). YB have a high protein percentage (16.58%) compared to grape marc (7.85%) with high concentrations of essential amino acids, being glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and leucine the most abundant. Infrared FTIR-ATR spectroscopy has been used to determine the functional groups in GM and YB, which show, in addition to the presence of polyphenols, the characteristic compounds that are part of soluble dietary fiber and α and β-glycosidic picks of polysaccharide contents. Due to its phytochemical content, the residues from the wine industry provide essential nutrients for metabolism and can be considered valuable raw materials for their use in animal consumption products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Alexandra LUPU, Margareta OLTEANU, Arabela UNTEA, Iulia VĂRZARU, Mariana ROPOTĂ

Phytoadditives are used in animal nutrition for prevention and treatment of potential disease, as antioxidants and digestion stimulants. Three medicinal plants: mint (Mentha longifolia), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and white willow bark (Salix alba)) were analysed for their proximate composition, minerals, fatty acids and amino acids concentrations. The results revealed an important concentration of crude protein in menthe and fennel (20.72% and 18.89%), while fennel seeds have significant quantities of crude fiber (27.31%). White willow bark have a low content in crude protein (0.18%) and in crude fat (0.01%). Mint is good source of fatty acids with significant quantities of ω3 and a ω3/ω6 ratio below 1. The medicinal plants investigated are good sources of minerals, higher concentrations was found in menthe regarding concentration in Fe (1408.98 ppm), Mn (106.91 ppm) and Ca (1.50%). The results indicated important values of essential amino acids in mint and fennel (9.036 and 7.655 g/100g DM) and semi-essential amino acids (2.891 and 2.986 g/100 g DM). The importance of chemical constituents was evaluated with respect to the role of these plants in animal nutrition.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Daniel SIMEANU, Paul Corneliu BOIŞTEANU, Roxana LAZĂR, Vasile VINTILĂ, Bogdan-Vlad AVARVAREI

Soybean represent the most important protein source for poultry and swine rearing but its producing in Romania and even in Europe is at a quite low level face to demands. To obtain complete mixed fodders are recurred imports from other world countries where are cultivated different soybean sorts under different pedo-climatic conditions, fact which made that products entered on Romanian market to present a great variability regarding chemical and nutritional features. In the current paper we analysed from chemical and nutritional point of view the quality of 10 soybean lots imported from Brazil. Besides basic chemical analysis were effectuated analysis to determine content in amino acids which allow a further protein nutritional evaluation by calculating chemical indices, essential amino acidsindex, protein efficiency rate, biological value and nutritional index. Proteins’ nutritional evaluation from analysed soybean meal was realised using as etalon egg protein, amino acids requirements for swine, for broiler chickens and adult persons. Chemically speaking analysed soybean meal had values into limits imposed by literature (90.1% DM, 41.24% CP, 2.47% CF, 4% CA, 4.8% Ash and 37.59% NES). Nutritional evaluation show that analysed soybean meal lots had a good content in protein and even more, a good content in amino acids. This conclusion resulted because EAAI was0.70, PER was2.7 and P-BV was70%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Iulian IURCU, Sergiu COŞMAN

It has been investigated the non-traditional perennial fodder plant sorghum (Sorghum almum) for its use in feed for farm animals, fresh and preserved through the preparation of fodder. The content of nutrients in the green mass of the sorghum perennial plant: Moisture-78.25%, crude protein in absolutely dry substance -10.16%, crude fat-3.0, crude cellulose-38.95%, nutritive units-0,18, metabolic energy-8.59 Mj/kg. Organic acids had been formed in the process of green mass fermentation, which has helped to maintain the quality of the green mass and obtaining a high quality fodder. The nutrient content of the perennial herbal plant sorghum is close to the corresponding indices of the initial green mass. The green mass of the perennial plant sorghum is well suited to the preparation of fodder. Fodder is yellowish green, pleasantly smelled of pickled fruit and is well consumed by farm animals.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Petya ZAHARIEVA, Diana KIRIN

In 2020, 30 specimens of bleak (Alburnus alburnus Linnaeus, 1758), 3 samples of water and 3 samples of sediments were collected from the Danube River (Kudelin) in the northwestern part of the Republic of Bulgaria. Samples of water and sediments, of tissues/ organs (liver, skin and muscles) of bleak were investigated for the presence of cadmium (Cd). The concentrations of Cd in the studied tissues/ organs of Alburnus alburnus decreased as follows: liver (CCd = 1.38 ± 0.55 mg.kg-1 wet weight) > skin (CCd = 0.50 ± 0.18 mg.kg-1 wet weight) > muscles (CCd = 0.09 ± 0.05 mg.kg-1 wet weight). The reported concentrations of Cd in water samples are CCd = 0.008 ± 0.006 mg.l-1, and in sediments samples CCd = 1.55 ± 2.35 mg.kg-1 dry weight.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Lucia Lelia POP, Liviu Alexandru MĂRGHITAȘ, Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN, Otilia BOBIS, Adela Ramona MOISE

Mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) is a species with high economical and scientific value, acknowledged at international level, as well as at national level. The preservation of the Romanian sericulture patrimony was possible and it is possible trough projects implemented and supported by organizations such as FAO. Many studies, at national level, were performed with a focus on the evaluation of local breeds and hybrids, from economical and biotechnological perspectives. But, in order to offer recommendations to farmers interested in sericulture, a clear and concise evaluation and classification of the breeds and hybrids is needed. The main purpose of the current research is to attempt to implement a classification of the breeds and hybrids of the silkworm using a method called Evaluation Index Method that takes into consideration multiple economical and technological traits. The information obtained will result into a ranking based on the overall economical and technological value of the silkworm breeds and hybrids, information considered valuable for the interested farmer. The biological resources were offered by the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca. The biological and technological traits that were taken into consideration when applying the Evaluation Index Method are focused on: prolificacy (number of eggs/laying, hatching percentage), evaluation of the larvae (length, weight), duration of the larval period, evaluation of the raw silk cocoon and the dried silk cocoon (dimension, weight of the cocoon, weight of chrysalis, weight of the silk shell). The classification it is done based on the value of the Evaluation Index obtained for each selected breed and hybrid of silkworm. As the applied method takes into account a large number of selected economical and technological traits, a ranking of the analyzed breeds and hybrids was obtained. The breeds and hybrids with values of the EI index higher than 50 are considered to be valuable from economical and technological point of view. The information obtained from the obtained ranking of the silkworm breeds and hybrids, taking into account their adaptability capacity and productivity, can be marketed towards farmers interested in sericulture and in productive silkworm local breeds and hybrids.

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