Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by David POGOSYAN, Vladimir ZEMNYAKOV, Elena ZUEVA, Elena VARLAMOVA

Studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of the use of fattening broilers at the age of 15-38 days of unconventional grain feed for poultry farming in the amount of 30% of the feed mass used instead of corn grain. It has been established that the use of bare-grain barley and triticale grains in the composition of the fed experimental compound feeds increases the digestibility of dry substances and crude protein in the digestive tract of chickens by 2.4-2.8 and 3.3-3.5%, which is accompanied by an increase in the growth rate of young animals by 7.4-7.8%, respectively, compared with the use of corn in the control group. The use of bare oats is considered not an effective method, as it leads to a decrease in meat productivity of chickens by 3.1% due to a decrease in the digestibility of nutrients. There is a decrease in feed costs for producing 1 kg of poultry meat when feeding barley and triticale grain by 2.8-3.9% and an increase in slaughter yield of 1%.

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Retracted article from publishing in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Bogdan-Vlad AVARVAREI, Marius Giorgi USTUROI, Mădălina VÎRLAN, Elena Liliana CHELARIU

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Selvie ANIS, Charles KAUNANG, Marie NAJOAN, Malcky TELLENG, Poulla WALELENG

Utilization of inorganic fertilizer is more simple but costly and has some negative environmental impact. Livestock waste available abundantly and sometime promote soil and air contamination. The aims of this research was to studied the effects of organic fertilizer utilization on growth, production and quality of two common tropical grasses known as Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully and Pennisetum purpurem cv. Mott grown underneath mature coconuts plantation. Treatments consisted of two kind of organic fertilizer called “bokashi” based on manure of chicken and ruminant fermented with effective microorganism (EM4). Treatments were put as factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design. The variables measured were dry matter production, quality of forages and predicted carrying capacity. Data was using ANOVA followed by HSD. The results shown all variable were significant higher of both kind of grasses with organic fertilizer at level of 20 tons ha-1. It could be concluded that both species of grasses response positively utilization of organic fertilizer bokashi, but in term of DM and CP content utilization of bokashi based on chicken manure fermented with effective micro-organisms EM4 was better than those of ruminant manure. Utilization of organic fertilizer in form of bokashi could provide forages to ruminant production integrated with coconuts plantation. By that way could be enhance economic value of this integrated systems.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Houda EL KHEYYAT, Saïd EL MADIDI

One of the main sources of income for the rural argan grove population in the Agadir region is goat farming, and it is almost exclusively geared towards meat production. The goat herd is often led extensively where the rangelands are the main source of food. The objective of this study is to assess the variability in growth performance of kids of the main local breeds. Increasing the production of this herd requires improving the technical level of farms and the selection of individuals with good growth performance. The evaluation of the variability of growths was analyzed on 341 kids (167 males and 183 females). The data presented are adjusted for the factors of variation: litter size, sex of the kid, season of birth, age of the mother, birthing rank and breed of the mother. The birth weights, 10 days, 30 days and at 70 days are respectively 1.98 ± 0.32 kg, 2.61 ± 0.47 kg, 3.75 ± 0.74 kg and 5.45 ± 1.26 kg. The average daily gains (ADG 0-30 d) and (ADG 30-70 d) are 63.38 ± 6.68g and 43.99 ± 4.26g respectively. The local goat population studied is characterized by great variability for the measured growth parameters. The results of the Anova (GLM model) revealed differences between the different local breeds and revealed the influence of certain factors of variation analyzed on the growth of kids. Better control of the technical management of farms and selection of the best brood stock are necessary to have a better productivity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Constantin GĂVAN

In cattles the small antral growing follicles develop from a reserve of primordial follicles constituted early in life. The antral follicle count (AFC, follicles ≥ 3 mm in diameter) is determined by ovarian ultrasound measurement. In this study 13 to16 months old Holstein Friesian heifers were subjected to a single ultrasound measurement of the number of follicles ≥3 mm in diameter. Heifers were classified into a low (≤ 5 follicles) mid (16-24 follicles) and high (≥25 follicles) follicle number group (FNG). We then compared the reproductive and productive performances at the end of first lactation. Results showed that heifers in the high FNG had a higher pregnancy rate, a shorter calving to conception interval, and a higher culling rate, compared with heifers in the low FNG. Because this study was made in a single herd with limited animal numbers (n=100) it is premature to make an industry-wide recommendation to select the dairy heifers in a herd based on single AFC measurements.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Georgi NONCHEV, Yordanka ILIEVA, Pencho PENCHEV

The study assigned 65 buffaloes under intensive farming (FM-I) with 922 test day records, and 73 buffaloes in pasture system (FM-P) with 2505 records. The analyses of variance (LSMLMW and MIXMDL), including also year, season, parity and test day, showed significant effect of milking time on milk yield (P<0.001) and of test day and its co-effect with milker's group on p.m./a.m. ratio in the herds from FM-P (P<0.001) and FM-I (P<0.05), respectively. The random factor individual was also highly significant on FM-P. On FM-I p.m. yield was averagely by 18.1% lower than a.m., the differences between a.m. and p.m. maintained practically constant throughout lactation. Atypical, contrary pattern was found оn FM-P - p.m. by 22.3% higher than a.m. yield, the difference becoming smaller until seventh month. The effect of lactation persistency on FM-P (P<0.05) is expressed in inverse proportion to the p.m./a.m. ratio. The substantial variability of a.m.-p.m. productivity, in particular its peculiarities in separate herds of buffaloes, should be taken into consideration in the development of prediction models.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Ion BALAN, Vladimir BUZAN, Nicolae ROŞCA, Gheorghe BORONCIUC, Iulia CAZACOV, Melania BUCARCIUC, Ion MEREUŢA, Nadejda ZAICENCO, Alexandru DUBALARI, Nicolai FIODOROV, Irina BLÎNDU

This paper presents some methods and approaches for cryopreservation of boar semen. Despite the long history of experimental research, most of these methods are still not effective enough for routine use in pig farms. The aim of our research was to identify the most effective traditional methods of cryopreservation of reproductive material and to determine the effectiveness of the inclusion of vitamins in the composition of synthetic mediums for dilution and freezing of boar sperm of Landrace breed. Through physiological and biochemical methods it has been established that vitamins of different nature and structure can be included in the composition of cryoprotective mediums, depending on the purpose of the study and their physicochemical properties. Experimental studies have revealed that the tested vitamins have a cryoprotective effect consisting in increasing of the absolute survival rate of reproductive cells when keeping them at room temperature. One of the mechanisms of the cryoprotective effect may be inhibition of the process of lipid peroxidation, which is confirmed by a decrease in the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA). As a result of the study of included vitamins, it was concluded that vitamin E (tocopherol) prevail from the tested vitamins. The antioxidant effect of vitamins, presumably, may be due to their inclusion in the composition of the active center of peroxidation enzymes that decompose reactive oxygen species.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Medin ZEQIRI, Ylli BIÇOKU

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the level of education and experience in animal husbandry in terms of waste management on dairy farms in Kosovo during the Covid-19, the case of Gjilan region. It is a descriptive and quantitative study. Random samples were taken in 71 dairy farms in three municipalities of the Gjilan region. Surveys include farms where 5-78 dairy cows are raised. Data on milk production, waste management from detergents, organic manure, cleaning rags, farm certification and water analysis are included. Datas for each farm were recorded during the period of February-April 2020. During these period farmers’ reported that the restrictive measures taken as a result of Covid-19 did not have any negative impact on milk production, however, 26.8% of farmers interviewed reported that milk production was reduced. Further, it was observed a major mismanagement of farm waste that was the main focus of the research: 80.3% of farmers stated that compost waste comes out of the farm and is distributed freely in the environment around the farm.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Eduard Ştefan LAZU, Marian BURA, Ioan BĂNAŢEAN-DUNEA, Alin Cosmin POPESCU, Tiberiu IANCU, Ioan PEŢ, Lavinia ȘTEF, Dorel DRONCA, Marioara NICULA, Mirela AHMADI, Dumitru POPESCU, Nicolae PĂCALĂ

Researchers have been conducted on the Timis River, during which 6 fishing stations were established where 6 determinations of the chemical composition of water were made and the existing fish populations were evaluated. In the water of Timis River, from springs to the mouth, increased the 5 days-biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 1.80 to 3.58 mg O2/l), also the accumulation of nitrates (from 1.82 to 2.77 mg/l), nitrites accumulation (from 0.015 to 0.045 mg/l), chlorides (from 2.50 to 8.51 mg/l) and hardness (from 1.27 to 5.52 dH°). In the Timiș river 36 fish species have been identified, which proves a good ecological status. Depending on the physic-chemical properties of the water, salmonids fish population was spread only in the mountain area, and cyprinids in hills and low land area. A large distribution was expressed in Barbel, Chub, Chased the Umber and Spirlin, which were found between the Teregova fishing station (mountain area), Lugoj stations (hilly area) and stations from Sag and Graniceri (lowlands area). In the warm waters of low lands were found: Bream, ide, pike-perk, sterlet, Verner, eels and Wheatear.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Lyudmila NIKOLOVA, Stanimir BONEV

A complex characterization of the physicochemical parameters of the water was performed in a sturgeon cage farm located in a dam in Southeastern Bulgaria during the different stages of the vegetation period. Water monitoring included key indicators for fish farming: temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, electrical conductivity, total hardness, pH, permanganate oxidability, biochemical oxygen demand over five days; ammonium nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate content. There were significant negative correlation relationships: water temperature with dissolved oxygen levels (Rp = -0.702; P <0.05) and nitrate nitrogen (Rp = -0.867; P<0.01). Positive significant correlations were found between the electrical conductivity of the water with the water hardness (Rp = 0.636; P <0.05); water hardness with dissolved oxygen level (Rp = 0.855; P<0.01) and water saturation with oxygen (Rp = 0.958; P <0.001); dissolved oxygen and nitrate nitrogen in water (Rp = 0.647; P<0.05); phosphates with ammonium nitrogen levels (Rp = 0.598; P<0.05).

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