ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Marius GHEȚA, Marius MAFTEI, Iuliana BORDEI, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

This study is a part of an ample research regarding the pheasant exploitation systems. In Romania, the main game, for a long period, it was the hare. In the last decade the hare population has recorded a significant decreasing. In these conditions, the hunters will increase the pressure on pheasants. It is now very important, from economically point of view but not only, to produce more pheasants. Because of the Romanian politics regarding the protection of predatory game, an important increasing of pheasant population, in wild conditions, it is impossible. The pheasant farms from Romania were established between 1970 and 1980. The main purpose of these farms was to produce pheasant meat for export, and only secondary to produce individuals for population of hunting areas. More than that, the individuals obtained are less resistant, becoming an easy prey for predators. In these conditions, the knowledge of the other functional models from the western states and not only has a special importance. The literature cites record harvests of 10,000 pheasants annually on a plot of approximately 17,000 acres (approximately 6,883 ha).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Claudia PÂNZARU, Ioan GÎLCĂ, Marius Gheorghe DOLIȘ, Roxana Nicoleta RAȚU, Răzvan Mihail RADU-RUSU, Mălina Carina SPULBER

At PSI Auction, the annual performance sales that take place is presented to the international clients an exclusive number of young horses for training or jumping over obstacles, destined for the biggest international equestrian competitions. This paper aimed to examine all the horses participating in the auctions in 2019 and 2020, on Eurodressage, taking into account the economic aspect of the 3 factors: horse’s sex and year of birth, and the equestrian discipline. The alpha value was set at 0.05 for all statistics. Following the analysis of the results, regarding the year of birth (all participants in this study being young horses), the sex of the horses, and also the equestrian discipline there were no significant differences. In conclusion, the auctioned horses, whether they are mares, stallions, or gelding, whether the year of birth or breed, after being selected for participation in the auction, horses are sold at very high prices and will be capitalized according to the buyer's interest in the reproductive direction, as well as for sports, being trained for the biggest competitions in the world.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Carmen Daniela PETCU, Emilia CIOBOTARU-PÎRVU, Oana-Mărgărita GHIMPEȚEANU, Gheorghe Valentin GORAN, Corina Nicoleta PREDESCU, Oana Diana OPREA

Honey represents a pleasant, nourishing food, with great biological and calorical value (315 kcal/100 g), easily digestible. It possesses real bactericidal properties, due to inhibin content. Examination of honey is necessary in order to assess its quality and purity, as well as to identify forbidden substances. The study was conducted in a processing unit which markets honey in the European Community. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination degree of the commercialised honey. In the summer of 2019, 3 batches of honey were analyzed (2 acacia honey batches containing 15 samples each and 1 batch containing 15 samples of polyfloral honey). Laboratory assessments were focused on determination of nitroimidazoles residues (metronidazole, dimetridazole, ronidazole), tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, methacycline, minocycline), macrolides (clindamycin, erythromycin, josamycin, kitasamycin, lincomycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, mirosamycin,tilmicosin, trimethoprim, tylosin), nitrofuran metabolites, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, glyphosate. The methods used in the research were HPLC, LC-MS/MS, ELISA. The final results of the study that considered the a forementioned batches, sampled from various local beekeepers, proved that antimicrobial drug residues were in accordance with the national and international regulations, permitting marketing without restrictions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela IVANCIA, Claudia PÂNZARU, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Marius Gheorghe DOLIȘ, Roxana RAȚU

The study was based on 34 Gidran, Lipizzaner, Semigreu Românesc and Pure Arabian stallions from Public Mount Unity of Tulucești studfarm, Galați county, Romania. These horses were reared in troops where they have been used or assessed as public mount stallions after promoting the specific ranking activity. They were appreciated regarding the usual measurements used on horses (height, thorax perimeter and cannon girth) at current criteria evaluation, where they obtained very satisfying marks. The results show that the stallions can be included, based on body measurements, in Elite class, which proves that they should continue to reproduce in Tulucești National studfarm; thus a high biological material will be obtained, which indicates that the main purpose of studfarm will be achieved.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela IVANCIA, Marius Gheorghe DOLIȘ, Carmen Giorgeta NICOLAE, Marius Giorgi USTUROI, Roxana Nicoleta RAȚU

Assuring of raw material with superior quality, have particular importance because on this depends the obtaining of superior quality products as well as a realization of a superior capitalization index of raw material. Qualitative reception of milk was daily effectuated, through three control periods, as follows: 1st period: 23.12.2017 – 6.01.2018, 2nd period: 24.02 – 10.03.2018, 3rd period: 7 – 21.04.2018; gathering samples on which were determined: fat, protein titer, acidity, density as well as somatic cells. Statistical analysis of the main physical-chemical features show differences between those three control periods regarding milk fat content, modifications which reflected also on density. So, milk gathered in the first period recorded a mean value of 4.23±0.02%. For milk gathered in the second period, fat content had a lower value (4.03±0.03%) due to a change in cows’ nourishment from preserved fodders to green ones. Milk analyzed in the third period, suffered some qualitative and quantitative modifications; animals recorded a higher milk production in comparison with the winter season, but fat content was lower. Generally, we could say that milk obtained at Rediu Farm, was in accord with the norms stipulated into quality standards.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Alina MOGODAN, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Ștefan-Mihai PETREA, Aurelia NICĂ, Daniela Ancuta ȘARPE, Victor CRISTEA

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of thyme and a mixture of thyme whit vitamin E on hematological profile, some biochemical indices and leukocyte reaction of Oreochromis niloticus species, reared in a semi-intensive aquaculture system. The experiment was made in replicate, during 31 days, and the experimental variants were: V1 – 1% thyme (Thymus vulgaris)/kg feed and V2 – 1% thyme + 500 mg vitamin E/kg feed. At the end of the experiment, in V2 variant, a significant increase (p<0.05) were registered in case of red blood cells count (RBCc), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lysozyme activity, absolute number of leukocyte (lymphocytes, monocytes) and platelets. Also, in V2 variant, was obtained a significant decrease (p<0.05) in case of blood glucose concentration. In conclusion, we showed that the additivited diet of Nile tilapia, particularly, with a mixture of thyme and vitamin E (V2) had a synergistic influence on fish welfare status by improving the hematological profile, immune parameters (lysozyme activity, leukocyte reaction) and decrease of blood glucose concentration.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Cristina Gabriela RADU-RUSU, Ioan Mircea POP, Raluca Elena DONOSA, Daniel SIMEANU

Several nutritional approaches were used to warrant the quality and safety of hen table eggs throughout the last decades. Apart from most of the researches focusing on the usage of a wide variety of minerals sources in layers’ nutrition, this study aimed to measure the effect of using six different feed additives on the eggs quality, hypothesizing in the beginning on the indirect effects that they might induce in hens’ minerals metabolism, in electrolytic homeostasis or in improving the digestive organs capacity to uptake minerals form diet and to transfer them in egg structure. Seven groups comprising each 120 ISA Brown layers, aged 30 weeks, were formed and fed a conventional diet for peak of production at a daily intake of 120 g mashed feed (2750 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 17.5% crude protein). Control group (CG) received plain diet, without additives, while the other groups received different rates of additives supplementation: 0.03 % ascorbic acid (ASC group); 1% sodium bicarbonate (SOB group); 0.3% prebiotics as organic acids mixture (OAC group); 0.1% mannan oligosaccharide prebiotic (MOS group); 0.1% synbiotic mixture-probiotic, prebiotic and phytogenic compounds (SYN group); 0.2 % mycotoxins adsorbent (MYC group). The reasoning criteria were represented by: eggs structure (% of edible and non-edible parts); Haugh Index (HU) as freshness trait; eggshell integrity (% of whole eggs yield); eggshell defects and commercial loss (% of whole eggs yield); shell thickness (mm); shell breaking strength (Newton). All analyses were run for one-week eggs yield, using 280 eggs randomly collected from each group (40 eggs per day). Eggs structure varied between 25.17%-25.73% yolk proportion, 64.47-65.00% albumen proportion and 9.34-9.89% shell proportion, with certain levels of statistical significance between tested groups, in terms of shell participation in whole eggs structure. Haugh Index assessment indicated not significant improvement or decrease of freshness and commercial status of the eggs due to feed additives supplementation (88.33-90.38 H.U., commercial class AA). Usage of certain feed additives, such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotic and mycotoxins adsorbents significantly improved shell thickness, by 9.94 to 14.04% (P < 0.05), while ascorbic acid and sodium bicarbonate usage slightly but not significantly improved the same trait (3.80-4.39%). The most improved integrity trait was the shell breaking strength, subsequently to shell thickness increasing. Thus, it significantly differed versus control (P<0.05, 4.19-5.08% better resistance in ascorbic acid and sodium bicarbonate supplementation) and distinguished significantly (P<0.01, 10.3 to 14.2% improved). Overall, commercial loss due to shell quality issues decreased from 8.9% of whole yield to 5.0-6.8% in the hen groups whose diet was supplemented with studied experimental factors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Carmen Daniela PETCU, Diana Oana OPREA

Coming from animals with economic interest, small and large intestines are what we call the “natural casings” and they are characterized by being strong enough to withstand the pressure produced by filling them, they are permeable to water vapour and gas, absorb fumes and impregnate with a pleasant flavour, expand or contract in accordance with the amount of added content and can be closed at the ends by binding or clipping. They are subjected to a calibration process after which they must comply with the stipulations of technical specifications or manufacturing standards. Natural casings are preserved by drying and salting and must meet a number of legal requirements. The purpose of this research is to identify and monitor the obtaining and preservation of natural casings for the meat industry. Natural casings that were processed in specialized units and then traded on the domestic market were analyzed. Differences in technology are found depending on the species from which the natural casings originate, but also according to the intestinal segment subjected to processing phases. Processing defects such as holes or tearing in the natural casings can be ascertained, but also defects in preservation that may lead to downgrading or even the marketing withdrawal of the incriminated products. Salt casings can be packed in plastic or barrels with different capacities. Separately packed are wrinkled pork guts, small pork guts, small sheep guts etc. To ease the insertion in the spur pipe, the casings can be sprouted onto the plastic sticks, resulting in tubular casings. Although technology development makes it possible to produce artificial casings such as collagen, cellulose and fibrous membranes, meat products in casings from natural intestines are preferred by consumers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Elvira VRABIE, Catalina SPRINCEAN, Irina PALADII, Valeria VRABIE

It was investigated the amino acid content in protein mineral concentrates obtained during electrophysical processing of different types of whey at membrane electrolyzer EDP-4 at current density j=10 mA/cm2 and J=20mA/cm2. It was established that the degree of amino acids isolation in the protein mineral concentrates during electrophysical processing of whey depends on the: current density, duration (time) of processing, and on the type of whey. Varying these parameters, the content of essential and functional amino acids in the protein mineral concentrates during electrophysical processing can be modeled. The maximum degree of isolation of free amino acids, especially of essential amino acids, is recorded during electro-physical processing of whey after the manufacture of the granulated cottage cheese „Grauncior” (company JLC) at current density j=20 mA/cm2 in the 10th min of processing. The most important functional amino acids such as immunoactive, sulfur containing and branched-chain amino acids have the same character of content variations in the protein mineral concentrates as essential amino acids during electrophysical processing of whey.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Victor ŢÎŢEI

The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of green mass and silage prepared from cardoon - Cynara cardunculus var. altilis and Jerusalem artichoke - Helianthus tuberosus cv. 'Solar’ growing in the experimental field of NBGI, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova. Some assessments of the main biochemical parameters: crude protein (CP), ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL), total soluble sugars (TSS), digestible dry matter (DDM) have been determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the sensorial characteristics of prepared silages – in accordance with the Moldavian standard SM 108, the concentration of hemicellulose (HC), cellulose (Cel), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEl) and relative feed value (RFV) were calculated according to standard procedures. It was determined that dry matter content in the harvested green mass varied from 19.8% in Cynara cardunculus to 28.9% in Helianthus tuberosus, its biochemical composition and feed value were: 9.4-12.0% CP, 6.0-7.1% ash, 30.2-40.0% ADF, 54.5-60.3% NDF, 3.1-5.1% ADL, 14.6-27.8% TSS, 27.1-34.9% Cel and 20.3-24.3% HC, 57.7-65.3% DDM, RFV = 89-111, 11.87-12.82 MJ/kg DE, 9.41- 10.53 MJ/kg ME and 5.43-6.55 MJ/kg NEl. It was found that the prepared silages had pleasant smell, somehow similar to pickled vegetables, the colour of the cardoon silage was homogeneous olive, but Jerusalem artichoke silage contained dark-green leaves with brownish hues and yellow-green stems. The pH of the silage was 3.77-4.17, it contained 9.7-12.5% CP, 8.4-10.3% ash, 30.6-33.4% ADF, 49.6-53.1% NDF, 2.6-5.0% ADL, 19.2-28.0% Cel, 22.5- 28.4% HC with feed value 62.9-65.1% DDM, RFV= 114-118, 12.39-12.78 MJ/kg DE, 10.17-10.49 MJ/kg ME and 6.19- 6.51 MJ/kg NEl. The studied perennial Asteraceae species were characterized by high green mass productivity with optimal nutrient contents; good silage quality can be used as alternative feed for ruminant animals.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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