ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Teodor GAVRIS, Elena Narcisa POGURSCHI, Iuliana Stefania BORDEI, Dumitru DRAGOTOIU

Due to climate change, thermal stress is becoming more common in poultry. Thermal stress causes changes in the metabolism of birds which is observed in their productive performance. Also, with the appearance of thermal stress and the decrease of the productive performances leads to important economic losses for the producers, but also for the consumers due to the decrease of the products quality. In this review are presented some changes that occur in the body of birds and some methods to alleviate heat stress. Among the cheapest methods of alleviate heat stress is the manipulation of diet. Among these unconventional additives we can mention vitamin A, vitamin E, dehydrated tomato peels and prebiotics such as inulin. Also, the use of unconventional additives in food is much easier to apply, requiring no investment in production facilities.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Aurelia NICA, Daniela-Cristina IBĂNESCU, Adina POPESCU

Koi carp are descendants of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The production of the colored carp – the Japanese “nishikigoi”- presently exceeds in monetary value the production carp as human food. The researches were performed in Aquaculture and Fishing Department laboratory of Food Science and Engineering Faculty from January 8 to June 24, 2014. The experiments were conducted during five experimental periods. During the mentioned periods it was experimented two variants in aquariums with capacity of 150 l provided with independent aeration and filtration units. In V1 variant, an aquarium was populated with 14 koi carp fingerlings with mean initial weight of 5, 35 g/ex. and a total biomass of 75 g. In V2 variant, another aquarium was populated with koi carp fingerlings with mean initial weight of 29, 28 g/ex., respectively a total biomass of 205 g. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured every day with portable instruments. For feeding fish it used Nutra T (V1 variant) and Nutra 2.0 (V2 variant) pellets. At the end of experiments, mean final weight reached 1570 g for V1 variant and 1446 g for V2 variant.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Silvia PĂTRUICĂ, Eliza SIMIZ, Ioan PEȚ, Lavinia ȘTEF

The climate changes of recent years are affecting the foraging behaviour of bee colonies. We present correlations found between flight time of foraging worker bees, the quantity of food material harvested expressed in terms of hive weight, and meteorological factors (temperature and humidity). Bee colonies were monitored hourly throughout each 24 hour period using the BeeWatch Professional recording system. Monitoring was carried out during the oilseed rape (Brassica napus oleifera) collection period over a 13 day interval in 2018 and 2019. Results show positive correlations statistically significant (p<0.01) between flight time of foraging workers and temperature. The influence of humidity on flight time shows a negative correlation at the same level of significance (p<0.01). Hive weight is postively correlated with a mean temperature of 20.7˚C and negatively with a mean humidity of 65%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Vladimir BUZAN, Ion BALAN, Nicolae ROŞCA, Gheorghe BORONCIUC, Iulia CAZACOV, Melania BUCARCIUC, Ion MEREUŢA, Alexandru DUBALARI, Nicolai FIODOROV, Nadejda ZAICENCO

Experimental studies by using the spectrophotometric method revealed that lipid peroxidation is species specific. At the same time, the number of diene conjugates in rooster sperm is more than twice than in the bull sperm. The content of this product is not subject to cryogenic changes. The amount of hydroperoxides in rooster sperm is an order of magnitude higher than in bull sperm. It should be noted that cryogenic changes of this indicator are observed only in the bull sperm. While the content of malondialdehyde increased in the sperm of both species in the process of cryopreservation. In the process of technological treatment of sperm of various species of animals, an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products is caused mainly by malonic dialdehyde, and not to diene conjugates and hydroperoxides, and is also species-specific; the effect of the influence of certain antioxidants on the functional state of gametes depends on the degree of stabilization of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation. The conclusion is made about the cryolability of hydroperoxides and malonic dialdehyde, the content of diene conjugates is not affected by cryogenic changes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Nela DRAGOMIR, Gratziela-Victoria BAHACIU

The bakery industry is based on the unique properties of gluten proteins from wheat and some other cereals flour. Those unique viscoelastic properties are responsible for the specific characteristics of different wheat flour foods. Porosity, elasticity, texture and structure of these products are attributes that make bakery products based on wheat flour more attractive for consumers. Unfortunately, the incidence of gluten intolerance or celiac disease among the Romanian population is increasing in the last few years and the only treatment of the disease is in fact a very strict control of the diet in order to eliminate any source of gluten from the diet. In this regard, developing of new, gluten-free bakery products ensures a wider range of product for ill people and at the same time to ease their life by providing industrial products which make the meal preparing time more efficient spent. The present paper presents the gluten-free alternatives to wheat flour products for baking industry.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Grigore DARIE, Iulian IURCU, Nina BRADU, Doina ROTARI

The assessment of the quality of the semen taken from the breeding rams of the breed of Tsigaia Wool-meat-milk has been the subject of our research. As a result of the research it was found that the volume of sperm was 1.38 ± 0.40 ml, the sperm mobility of 81.17%, the sperm concentration of 1.47 ± 0.10 mlrd/ml and the number of sperm moving in a straight line of 53.5%. The spermogram indices of the semen obtained from the breed of Tsigaia wool-meat-milk correspond to the standard of the Tsigaia breed and allow its use in artificial sowing of sheep. In the subsequent followup, research was conducted on the kinetics of freshly collected raw sperm.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Minodora MANU, Luiza-Silvia CHIRIAC, Marilena ONETE

Wetland ecosystems are dependent of groundwater. They provide goods and ecosystem services. Any anthropic activity will affect their structure. This ecological damage could be revealed by using the biological indicators, as soil invertebrate communities. In 2018, two fragmented Natura 2000 sites were studied: Forest and Eutrophic Marshes from Prejmer (ROSCI0170) and Lempeş Fortress Hill-Hărman Marsh (ROSCI0055). 80 soil samples were investigated, from four fragments in each sites. Two structural parameters were analysed: numerical abundance and constancy. In total, 19 taxa were identified, with 1108 individuals. The highest values of numerical abundances were obtained by the Oribatida mites and Collembola. In Prejmer, 23.52% from the total number of taxa were euconstant, 17.64% constant, 41.17% accessory and 17.64% accidental. The soil fauna from Hărman was represented only by accessory (53.84%) and accidental taxa (46.15%). The dominance of the accidental and accessory taxa demonstrating that the two protected area were not characterized by stable communities. The canonical analysis revealed that the type of habitat influenced the spatial distribution of soil invertebrate communities, defining distinct groups for marsh ecosystems, alluvial forests and deciduous forests.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Georgeta DINIȚĂ, Monica Paula MARIN, Minodora TUDORACHE, Ioan CUSTURĂ, Andra Dorina ȘULER

The practicing of mating the individuals with a certain kinship degree leads to ostaining of inbreed lines through which crossing are ostained descendants characterized by performances superior to parental populations average.Using the inbreed lines in the hybridization process has as final result the obtaining of commercial hybrids. This is easily achievedin silkworms, species characterized by a short interval between generations and by high prolificity. Thirty silkworm inbreed lines were studied during six generations and the effect of the inbreeding on some physiological characteristics. The prolificity ranged between 632-494 eggs/layinginside the White Baneasa lines and 748-522 eggs/layingin Baneasa 75 lines. The number of eggs/layingwas lower at I6whit 10.39% in Baneasa 75 lines and 11.41% in White Baneasa lines by comparision with I0. Hatching percentage was affected by inbreeding depression beginning with I3 in both lines groups. This was lower with 6.10-15.66 percentages in White Baneasa lines and 6.80-15.90 percentages in Baneasa 75.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Cipriana Maria CUCIUREANU, Marius Giorgi USTUROI, Răzvan Mihail RADU-RUSU

The research aimed to evaluate the influence exerted by the removal of the testicles (orchidectomy) in roosters, on the meat production made by them. In this regard, were formed two batches of roosters belonging to the Hubbard chicken hybrid, one batch was experimental (LE), consisting of castrated roosters at the age of 6 weeks, and one control batch (LM) consisting of uncastrated roosters. The birds of the two groups were raised under identical conditions and received the same type of compound feed; their slaughter was performed at the age of 20 weeks, on which occasion the yield at slaughter, the share of anatomical parts in the composition of the carcasses, as well as the weight of the internal organs were established. The data obtained showed that castrated males had a higher slaughter yield compare to specimens uncastrated, with 0.68% higher for dressed yield on fresh carcass and with 1.01% higher for dressed yield on maturated carcass. Also, for castrated roosters, were registered higher values for participation rates for the anatomical parts with commercial interest (by 2.92% for the breast and by 6.15% for the thighs and drumstick); also, were registered higher weights for the internal organs (by 0.72% for heart, 29.04% for liver and 20.44% for gizzard). The conclusion of the study was that the application of caponisation to Hubbard roosters led to a higher yield at slaughter and higher participation rates for the anatomical portions with commercial interest (breast, thighs and wings) compared to uncastrated specimens.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela (ROIBU) DABIJA, Mihai Cezar CIORAN, Vasile MACIUC

In our country in recent years we can see a decrease in cattle from 2330 thousand heads in 2018, to 1914 thousand heads in 2020, a decrease due to, among others, the faulty organization of breeders in order to capitalize on the production obtained and a structure low size of cattle farms. In 2020, the number of cattle slaughtered in industrial units (slaughterhouses) decreased compared to the previous year by 15.6%, beef production decreased from 196,000 tons in 2018 to 170,000 tons in 2020, even if the yield at slaughter has increased. Thus, there is an increase in the average body weight of cattle from 433 kg/head to 450 kg/head, this is due to advanced, cost-effective breeding technologies and optimal animal nutrition. All this influences, of course, the quality of the meat, which will be superior and will have a high yield for processing. Meat consumption in Romania is 7 kg per capita per year, the demand for beef increases significantly in Romania, being a large deficit of high quality animal protein, the Romanian unfortunately preferring pork and chicken.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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