ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Mehmetcan CAKMAK, Nida OZCAN, Muzaffer DENLI

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of sumac powder (Rhus coriaria) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and intestinal microbiota in broilers reared at different stocking densities. A total of 378 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were subjected to a 2 stocking densities (10 and 20 chicks/m2 floor area; normal and high stocking density) x 3 sumac powder levels (0.0, 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg feed) factorial arrangement of treatments. Body weight and feed intake were significantly lower in chickens reared at high stocking density than normal stocking density groups (P0.05). Both stocking densities and the supplementation of sumac powder to the feeds had a reducing effect on intestinal weight (P0.05). In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities and high density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in the serum were not influenced by the any stocking density and sumac powder supplementation (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that broilers exhibited low performance when reared at high stocking density and dietary supplementation of sumac powder has not prevented this decline.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Dhia IBRAHIM, Suad AHMAD, Shalal HUSSAIN

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-stress properties of local Withania somnifera roots, (WSR) in alleviating heat stress and improve egg production and quality in Iraq during summer season. The roots were used as ethanolic extract or crude powder. Ethanolic extract was done by using 70% ethanol. Three hundred Quail hens, 6 weeks (wks) old were used which were fed with standard basal diet containing 20% crude protein and 2903Kcal/Kg metabolizable energy and reared under high environmental temperature(27-37-27°C)and relative humidity (40-50%) and were randomly allocated to five groups as follows: Treatment (T0): control group without any supplementation; Treatment 1 and 2(T1,T2) quails supplemented orally with a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight(b.wt)/day ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSRE; Treatment 3, 4 (T3,T4) quails received Withania somnifera roots as powder (WSRP) mixed with the diet at the rate of 1or 2g/kg diet respectively. At 7,9,11,13 weeks of age and the total average of these weeks egg production and quality traits were calculated. Quails supplemented with roots powder at the rate of 1g/kg diet. (T3) were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in total average of egg production (%) than those received ethanolic extract (T1 and T2). Also T3 was the best treatment in egg weight, feed conversion ratio, egg mass and albumin height. The supplemented groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 did not differ significantly from control in yolk index and Haugh unit. Egg tests during experimental period showed that there were no appearances of blood spot and meat segments, and no significant differences between treatments concerning with egg flavour test. We can concluded that little benefit in using (WSR) under heat stress to improve egg production and quality and the result favourite T3.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Svetlana GRIGOROVA, Sabka SURDJIISKA, Natasha GJORGOVSKA

The objective of this scientific paper is to establish the chemical composition and the nutritive value of a high-protein rapeseed feed produced in Bulgaria, and to study the possibilities for replacing soybean meal with this product in the diet of Japanese quails. Chemical composition of the tested product was determined, and the following results regarding its contents were obtained: crude protein – 42.50%, crude fibers – 8.50%, crude fats – 3.50%, lysine – 2.24%, methyonine – 0.85%, tryptophan – 0.51%, threonine – 1.81%, glucosinolates – 11.2 μmol/g. An experiment was performed with a total of 200 female Japanese quails from Pharaoh breed, 8 weeks old, randomly divided in four groups – a control and three experimental groups, 50 quails in each. The poultry from the control group received diet with soybean meal as the basic protein component, while in the experimental groups a part of the soybean meal was substituted with 5%, 10% and 15% of the tested product (for experimental groups I, II and III, respectively). All diets were equal by their nutritional value. During the experiment the feed consumption, laying capacity and health condition were monitored every day. Eggs morphological characteristics and their taste were controlled periodical. In experimental groups I and II, where 5% and 10%, respectively, of high-protein rapeseed product was included in the quail’s diets, laying capacity and laying intensity were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The addition of 5%, 10% or 15% of the tested product didn’t have negative influence on the egg weight, the eggshell strength, the yolk or the albumen colour, or the boiled eggs’ taste and smell. The examined diets with inclusion of 5%, 10% and 15% of high-protein rapeseed product, according to the results obtained in this experiment, are recommendable for use in the practice.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Ayhan GOSTERIT, Gizem OYTUN CICEK

The effects of vitamin additive diets on colony foundation success in Bombus terrestris were investigated in this experiment. A total of 120 artificially hibernated queens were used. Queens were randomly divided to four groups (30 queens for each group). Queens and their colonies were fed with different diets: standard sugar syrup and normal pollen (group 1), vitamin additive sugar syrup and normal pollen (group 2), standard sugar syrup and vitamin additive pollen (group 3) vitamin additive sugar syrup and vitamin additive pollen (group 4). No significant differences were found in egg laying and colony foundation ratio of queens among the experimental groups. However, vitamin addition to pollen or sugar syrup negatively affected the marketable colony production ratio. Marketable colony production ratios of queens were found 60.00%, 26.66%, 53.33%and 45.00% in four groups, respectively. While feeding with vitamin additive diet affected colony initiation time, other traits such as timing of first worker emergence, timing of gyne (young queen) production, timing of switch point and timing of competition point was not affected. Total numbers of individuals produced in colonies were also determined. Significant differences were found only in terms of total number of young queens (gynes) among the groups, but not total number of workers and males. Results showed that feeding with vitamin additive diet has not positive effect on colony development traits in B. terrestris.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Serhat AKYILDIZ, Nida OZCAN, Muzaffer DENLI

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two herbal extracts (Emerald and Gundelia tournefortii L. Seed) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and intestinal bacterial population in broilers. A total of 280 Ross 308 1-dayold male broiler chicks were distributed into 5 groups of 7 in each consisting 8 replicates per treatment for 42 days. Five treatments were used; control group received basal diet (without any herbal extract supplementation), the Emerald at 100 mg/kg diet and G. tournefortii L. seed extracts (GTE) at 2, 4 and 8 g/kg diet were added to basal diet. The addition of 4 and 8 g GTE to the diet resulted in significantly higher body weight compared with control group (P0.05). In addition, serum uric acid (UA) and glucose (Glu) concentrations and aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not affected by any treatment (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that different dietary levels of GTE may improve the growth performance by increasing intestinal lactic acid bacteria counts.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Hasan ÖNDER, Cem TIRINK

Determining the sample size is the most important factor to effect of reliability of all scientific studies. The reliability of genetic parameter estimations obtained from phenotypic data with using pedigree depends on sufficiency of sample size. In this study was aimed to determine the effective population size for cattle, sheep and goat breeds. For this aim, methods depend on sex ratio, variance of progeny size and inbreeding rate were compared. Results indicated that the methods depends on variance of progeny size was suggestible for interested breeds.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Valentina CEBOTARI, Ion BUZU, Olesea GLIGA, Olga POSTOLACHI, Nicolae GRANCIUC

The purpose of the research was to estimate the efficiency of pollination by bees of some parental sunflower varieties, depending on the distance between the selected sectors with inflorescences and hives with bees, placed for pollination, was carried out. The experiments were performed on a field of sunflowers, with an area of 36 ha, where maternal variety "Express" and paternal variety "NS-X 6006" (both from Republic of Serbia), destined for crossing to obtain hybrid seeds, were sown alternatively. Around chain have been located 144 bee families, so that there were 4 families per ha. For verifying the self-pollination capacity of sunflower, 4 experimental sectors were selected, at different distances from the beehives - 10, 100, 300 and 500 m. As a control 8 inflorescences were selected in each sector, which before flowering, were covered with gauze. In the phase of full ripening of seeds, from each experimental sector the seeds were collected manually - 8 control-inflorescences and 9 experimental inflorescences (naturally pollinated). For each inflorescence in part were examined: the total number of seeds, number of fertile and sterile seeds, total weight of seeds, weight of fertile and sterile seed (weighed on electronic scales accurate to 0.1 g) and degree of seed's fertility. A result of researches was found that sunflower crops of varieties "Express" and "NS-X 6006" researched by us, are typically entomophilous, because in our experience, self-pollination (isolated) did not occur. The degree of seed's fertility of pollinated by bees inflorescences, varied depending on the distance between experimental inflorescences to the beehives, from 85.7% to 90.3%. The average total mass of the seeds from free pollinated inflorescence was higher compared to that of the self-pollinated inflorescences with 36.6 to 54.0 g or 260-740% (td = 7.5 to 16.3; P < 0.001), hence, pollinating by bees of parental varieties of sunflower "Express" and "NS-X 6006" is quite effective and increases the harvest of seeds from 3.6 to 8.4 times.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Natasha GJORGOVSKA, Kiril FILEV, Vesna LEVKOV, Rodne NASTOVA, Svetlana GRIGOROVA

The average content of cholesterol per egg varied from 153.45 to263.90 mg and it varies depending on genotype and, mainly,on the diet. During past decades, there are a lot of experiments with different supplementation of the diet (mineral, probiotic, vegetable oil) of laying hens to decreased the level of the cholesterol in the egg yolk. This experiment was performed to evaluate dietary daidzein and genistein on cholesterol and fat deposition in egg yolk during late phase of egg production. A total of 80 ISA Brown Laying hens 63-wks old were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups containing 20 hens each. Birds were fed commercial feed diet containing: 0 (BF), 1000 (BF +1000 mg SI), 2000 (BF +2000 mg SI) and 3000 (BF +3000 mg SI) supplemented isoflavones. Water was offered for ad libitum consumption throughout the experiment. Yolk cholesterol and yolk total fat was monitored during the three month period. The supplemented isoflavones in the feed decreased the content of yolk cholesterol during the 3-month feeding trial (P<0.05).The supplemented isoflavones has not any influence on the concentration of fat in the egg yolk and egg yolk mass. Therefore, supplementation of the commercial feed with isoflavones could be used as a tool for the reduction of the yolk cholesterol.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Aleksandra KONSTANDOGLO, V. FOKSHA, G. STRATAN, D. STRATAN

The aim of presented research is to study the exterior features and the morphological and functional parameters of the udder of primiparous cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in the herd SLL "Strapit", Kalarash. Research carried out on Holstein primiparous cows (n = 19), Simmental (n = 22) of the Austrian origin. In order to establish the main features of the exterior of the body measurements were taken basic body measurements and defined physique indexes. As a result of research it was established that primiparous cows of Holstein breed is well defined type of dairy cattle, confirming their proportional physique shape, the development of the middle part of the body, strong bone. Simmental primiparous cows for measurements the height at the withers by 3.3% and in the sacrum by 1.2% exceed the minimum requirements of the standard. Chest well developed in depth, wide enough, which is characteristic for the Simmental. Udder of primiparous cows of Holstein breed differs bulkiness, with the developed portions, advantageously tightly attached. Visually, the external structure of the udder of these animals differs by a greater extent along the belly and enough depth than at heifers of Simmental breed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Vlad VUTA, Gheorghe BARBOI, Dragos BONCEA, Florica BARBUCEANU, Constantin VLAGIOIU

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic viral disease produced by a Lyssavirus and is causing more than 70,000 human deaths each year. In Romania foxes are the main wildlife reservoir. Oral rabies (ORV) vaccination of this specie is the most effective method to control and eventually eradicate rabies. Supported by co-financing program between Romania and European Union, successive ORV campaigns were conducted. Monitoring of the effectiveness of oral vaccination campaign has been carried out continuously from 2011 and was based on: (i) post-mortem laboratory examination of brain tissue of foxes by fluorescent antibodytest (FAT), (ii) detection of antibodies against rabies virus in thoracic liquid by ELISA, (iii) detection of tetracycline biomarker in teeth for the evaluation of vaccine bait uptake and (iv) discrimination between wild and vaccinated rabies virus strains by PCR and sequencing techniques. The laboratory analysis of 2014 campaign revealed 31.18% seropositivity and detection of tetracycline biomarker in 55.4% of the foxes tested. No vaccine-induced rabies cases occurred and all positive foxes (1.33%) were infected with wild rabies strains present in Romania.

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