ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Laura Mihaela DUMITRU, Andrei Constantin STOIAN, Laura DARIE, Emilia CIOBOTARU

The study aimed to describe the morphology of injuries produced by brown bear (Ursusarctosarctos) on domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, pig and chicken.The study has been conducted during the period 2014 -2016 in Romania, Argeş County.The lesions have been described in fifteen dead animals and two injured animals left alive.Indirect methods for identifying the attacking species were used by collecting samples from the site of the attack (hair, faecesand footprints). Dead animals have been examined by necropsy. Routine clinical examination has been done on alive animals. Additional information about the attacked animals has been gathered by interviewing the owners and hunting fund managers. The characteristic injuries for bear attack were represented by parallel and linear, superficial or deep wounds, bite marks, and tissue avulsions. Prey consumption appears to be characteristic in attacked animals, in humans being rarely mentioned. The specific localization of bear mauling are on head, neck, cervical and thoracic areas followed by upper hindquarters, forelimbs and hind limbs. The most serious injuries are represented by the neck and chest area features which have been observed in cattle examination.Mortality rate for the animals attacked by brown bear and found dead or alive is: 100% for chickens, 100% for pigs, 66.66% for sheep, 87.5% for cattle.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Coskun AKSU, Savas ATASEVER

The objective of this investigation was to reveal the changes of comfort parameters and test day milk (TDMY) according to environmental factors in Holstein cows. In total, 99 clinically healthy cows reared at a private farm in the Black Sea region of Turkey were examined. Flank hygiene (FH), rear legs hygiene (RLH), body condition score (BCS) and rumen fill (RF) were selected as comfort parameters and tested in two seasons (spring and summer), parity (first and second) and stage of lactation (˂200 d and ≥200 d) groups by t-test. While season affected all comfort parameters and TDMY (P˂0.001), stage of lactation only affected BCS (P˂0.001) and RF (P˂0.05). The cows with second parity had higher milk production (P˂0.05). Moderate correlation coefficients were determined between FH and RLH (r=0.557; P˂0.01) or between BCS and RF (r=0.525; P˂0.01).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Vasile BUNDUC, Iulia Lucia NISTOR (COTFAS), Ioan Mircea POP

Nutritional manipulation is relatively simple in the poultry field as long as the raw material of the laying hens is identified that ensures the bioavailability of the desired nutrient to be enriched in the egg. The purpose of this study is to characterize the nutritional and chemical ingredients of the recipe for laying hens and its effect on egg quality and the bio-productive performance of the hen. Thus, with regard to the chemical composition of the recipe used which was improved with 2 carotenoid additives with 2% lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively with 5% lutein and zeaxanthin compared to the control recipe, and the administration of these recipe to hens gives a better specific consumption compared to group M; With regard to the quality indices of the eggs obtained, a weight of 65.47 g was observed in the group of birds fed with AC1 2% and 65.25 g in the group in whose recipe AC1 was used 5% compared to the control group Where the average weight of the eggs was 64.13g. In terms of yolk colour, it had average values of 3.78 for group E1 and 4.14 for group E2. Thus, due to the use of raw materials enriched in lutein and zeaxanthin the colour intensity of the yolk was significantly higher compared to the M group (3.61%).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Muzaffer DENLI, Bekir BUKUN, Muhittin TUTKUN

Enriched battery cages and free-range as an alternative raising systems are intended to improve welfare of hens. Comparison of the productivity performance and egg quality of laying hens housed in two different systems regarding the welfare of laying hens was the objective of the study. A totally, eight hundred 19-wkold Lohmann Brown hens were housed in enriched cages (n=400; 16 cages; 25 hens per cage) and in freerange system (n=400) to 50 wk of age. Hen-day egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency were measured at 30, 40 and 50 wk. In both rearing systems, eggs were recorded for 2-wk intervals between 30 and 50 wk of age to measure egg quality parameters. Hen-egg production was significantly higher in enriched cages than free range system throughout the experiment (P<0.05). Hens raised in free-range system had greater egg weight, egg shell thickness and dirty eggs than in enriched cages (P<0.05). In addition, the feed intake and feed efficiency were higher in the free-range raising system than in the enriched cages at 30 wk. However, the heights and width of egg albumen and yolk were not affected by the raising systems (P>0.05). Based on the results the interior egg quality parameters appear to have similar for hens kept in both rearing systems. However, the higher proportion of dirty eggs for hens raised in free-range system was the greatest problem and still needs to be considered.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Dinu GAVOJDIAN, Maria SAUER, Irina PATRAS, Szilvia KUSZA

Aim of the current comparative study was to evaluate health, reproductive rates and fitness indicators in Tsigai and Turcana sheep breeds reared under semi-intensive production system conditions. The project herd is consisted of 203 Tsigai (Szombor ecotype) and 226 Turcana (Sibiu ecotype) breeding ewes. The Tsigai ewes were more affected (p≤0.01) by clinical mastitis compared to Turcana ewes, with an incidence of 10.8±0.21% and 3.11±1.16%, respectively. The Tsigai ewes produced significantly higher litters (p≤0.001) compared to Turcana breed, 1.45±0.04% compared to 1.17±0.02%. Lambs weaning rates were not influenced by the genotype (p>0.05). This comparative study was the first attempt to provide information on the reproductive efficiency and health traits in Tsigai and Turcana breeds under temperate climate conditions found in Eastern Europe. For the selected specialized Sombor Tsigai ecotype it would be advisable to include fitness traits into the breeding selection schemes in order to improve animal welfare and overall productivity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Sedat GÜNDOĞDU, Makbule BAYLAN

The aim of this study is to compare Bayesian and Classical estimation for describing the growth curves of Brushtooth Lizardfish (Saurida lessepsianus Russell, Golani & Tikochinski 2015). Classical nonlinear regression method and Bayesian estimation method were used to obtain the estimation of the components of the von Bertalanffy growth model. The estimated parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation via two methods showed that Bayesian estimation is much better than Classical nonlinear regression in estimating growth parameters and reducing variation of growth model parameters.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LX
Written by Osman Kadir TOPUZ, Pınar YERLİKAYA, H. Aydan YATMAZ, Adem KAYA, Ali Can ALP, Murat KILIÇ

Many mineral compounds, present in fish meat, are essential for human life at low concentrations. Humans need a steady supply of at least minerals to maintain health and optimal performance. The elements such as Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn are essential elements because of their crucial role in biological systems. In this study, essential element profiles of rainbow trout meat and its egg were investigated and compared each other. Higher concentrations of essential trace elements (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were found in egg of rainbow trout compared to its meat. Highest Zn (140.28±4.24 µg/g) content was determined in trout egg samples compared to other trace elements. Fe (48.17±1.61 µg/g) was the most abundant trace elements found in trout meat, whereas Mn (1.24±0.04 µg/g) was the least.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Gamze MAZI, Makbule BAYLAN, Numan ÖZCAN

The main goal of the feed industry is to manufacture the high quality food economically by increasing the biological value of the feed proteins. An addition to that, it is to provide higher quality animal products in sufficient amounts while keeping the input costs at optimum levels. Keeping these goals in our mind, in this study, the pRS416G recombinant vector carrying the β(1.3) glucanase enzyme, which has indirecting effects on the immune system significantly was transferred to Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the electroporation method. PCR reaction where Saccharomyces cerevisiae/pRS416G DNA is used as a template was examined on %0.8 agarose gel yielding approximately 1.9 kbç DNA band carrying the β(1.3) glucanase gene was visualized. After a zymogram analysis, the yellow zone expressed by β(1.3) glucanase gene was observed in the recombinant yeast extracts. This study will be pioneer work for the development of recombinant single cell proteins, thereby including immune stimulant of the β(1.3) glucanase as fish feed additives.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by OGNEAN L., Viorica CHIURCIU, Cristina ȘTEFĂNUŢ, S. MUNTEAN, Rosalie DOJANĂ, C. CHIURCIU

In a multiplier PIC farm were effectuated complex surveys in order to monitor the health of suckling piglets and of lactating sows, by centering recorded data from the actual situation on field and the correlative analysis of glycemia and body weight level of 18 lots of newborn piglets (n=167) respectively the glycemia of the sows. The testing of glycemia was done using Accu-Chek Active glucometre, utilizing drops of freshly sampled blood, by sectioning the tip of the newborn piglets’ tail, respectively by puncturing the pinna of sows. The inquires also included the taking of biometric measurements, consisting of individual weightings of piglets at the moment of parturition and at the moment of weaning. The data obtained on pairs: lot of suckling piglets – lactating sow were statistically analyzed using the Categorial analysis system ANOVA (Unpaired t test for Probability index calculation ”P” and linear regression analysis to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient "r" and for determination of "r2"). Statistical analysis of recorded data from the sample of newborn piglets revealed high average values of glycemia in first hours after parturition (97.329±10.499 mg/dl), having a rising trend (107.01±7.378 mg/dl) in the next 10-15 hours, in terms of weights between 1.8 and 2.1 kg/piglet. It should also be noted that the piglets have reached an average weight of 7.3 kg at weaning, achieving an average gain of 5.5 kg during the lactation period (21 days). At newborn piglets, glycemia levels increased significantly statistically (p = 0.003) after the first suckling and were positively correlated (r = 0.4945) with the values of their weight at parturition. Noteworthy is the insurance statistics (p = 0.001) of weight gain of the lots of piglets in interval between parturition and weaning (growth spore). According to these correlations, elevated glucose levels can be associated with the weight gain of newborn piglets. Less interesting proved to be the results obtained by monitoring the glycemia of mother sows, who have variations between 50 and 133 mg/dl, with insignificant deviations to physiological ranges of species and category (66-116 mg/dl).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LIX
Written by Sezen OCAK, Sinan OGUN, Onur YILMAZ

Transhumance is a resource efficient means of livestock production by seasonally moving grazing animals to utilize pastures between varying ecological zones. This article investigated two separate transhumant societies in Romania and Turkey, countries that resemble cultural and environmental likeness. The data for the Turkish component of this study was collected in 2015 by interviewing Turkish transhumant populations during their migration route through the Taurus mountains. Romanian data for the Carpathian Transhumant came from personal communications with Romanian authors and also from Romanian and English written sources. Both nations possess rare natural environments with high nature conservation value open grassland habitats that benefit from traditional, low-impact agriculture of the transhumance. After a millennia of practicing conservation and natural resource management skills it is a lifestyle that is all but lost. Ecosystem services provided by the Romanian and Turkish transhumant family farming systems include preservation of biodiversity, providing substantial carbon sinks and reduction of CO2 emissions assisting to mitigate climate change. The system also maintains erosion control, improves soil quality and deters the likelihood of forest fires, whilst weaving a resilient social web. The survey also indicated a clear link between social and ecological resilience emphasizing that sustainable development relies on the interconnectedness between biological and cultural diversity and as such they merit strong policy recognition and support. The economic, social and environmental costs of losing them would far outweigh the costs of support. To loose this animal production system with its rich cultural heritage would be a tragic deficit for both biological and cultural conservation.

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