ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Laurentius RUMOKOY, Endang PUDJIHASTUTI, Daniella RUMOKOY, Hengky KIROH, Lentji Rinny NGANGI, Vonny RAWUNG, Wisje TOAR

The role of insects as natural resources could be used by farmer as animal feed has been starting to get important attention in livestock sciences. This research aimed to study the growth performance of super native chickens that treated with D. melanogaster maggot flour supplementation. A total of 64 super native chickens (DOC) reared until they are eight weeks old. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). Experimental animals were divided into four groups according to the level supplementation treatment: T0 0%; T1 0.25%; T2 0.5%; and T3 0.75%. Each group divided into four units of replication consisted of 4 chickens. The variables observed were total of feed consumption, body weight and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that the effect of treatment on feed consumption was non-significant (P>0.05) while the effect on body weight and FCR value were significant (P<0.05).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Cristina Ștefania NEGRE, Gabriel Petru VICOVAN, Răducu RADU, Ana ENCIU, Adriana VICOVAN, Camelia Zoia ZAMFIR, Ion Corneliu NEACȘU, Alina NICOLESCU, Maria STANCIU

The research was carried out on a population of Polwarth sheep, intensely inbred belonging to the Research and Development Institute for Sheep and Goats Breeding, Palas - Constanta. Morpho-productive indices, reproduction indices, current number compared to the one acquired in 1995, inbreeding depression, intergenerational depression, inbreeding population, body weight differentiation and quantity of wool in the year of acquisition compared to 2020 were determined. From the presented data it results that the reproduction of the sheep was not affected instead in rams the body weight and the amount of wool decreased. Surprisingly, instead of shrinking and disappearing over time, the herd has increased and continues to grow, contrary to what is known to date from the effect of intense inbreeding on a breed of sheep.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Adriana-Ioana MORARU MANEA, Diana-Nicoleta RABA, Carmen Daniela PETCU, Ileana COCAN, Andreea ILAS CADARIU, Diana MOIGRADEAN, Mariana-Atena POIANA

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of dehydrated fruits powder as natural antioxidant used to substitute the nitrites in the manufacture recipe of a cooked and smoked salami type on its sensory proprieties. For this purpose were used sour cherries (SC), cranberries (C) and black currants (BC) which in advance were subjected to a dehydration process for 15 hours at a moderate temperature of 55-60°C, 5 hours daily, three days in a row. The powder obtained from each dehydrated fruit was used at three levels of concentration in order to ensure a dose of polyphenolic compounds equally with 90, 200 and 300 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg raw processed meat. The minimum dose of polyphenolic compounds coming from dehydrated fruits powder was chosen according to the nitrites content added to a kg of raw minced meat (90 mg nitrites/kg processed meat). Thus, nine salami formulas were prepared by addition of SC, C and BC powder at the three established concentrations. The sensory properties such as appearance, taste, odor, aroma of designed salami formulas were investigated in relation with those of the salami control samples prepared with the nitrites addition, respectively without nitrites. The substitution of nitrites by dehydrated fruits powder led to changes in the section appearance of obtained salami formulas, whereas the taste, odor and aroma were not affected. The information derived from this study is useful for the development of innovative nitrite-free meat products, in accordance with the consumer requirements, by exploiting the bioactive potential of some local fruits.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Gabriela FRUNZĂ, Cristina Gabriela RADU-RUSU, Aida ALBU, Ioan Mircea POP

Quality Function Development (QFD) is a systematic approach specific to quality management that facilitates product development by ensuring consumer requirements meeting “customer voice”, these being taken into account from the design phase, then during the entire technological process, being reflected in the quality characteristics of the finished product. The purpose of this study was to apply the QFD methodology to improve the quality of products in the food industry, taking into account the technological process of chicken liver pâté (designing a new product that meets the requirements of consumers), thus providing a synthetic model. The working method consisted in the participation of a number of 250 consumers, aged between 20-24 years, who provided the list of consumer requirements, prioritizing and weighting them based on a standardized score from 1 to 5 points. The following stages were represented by the transposition of consumers' voice in quantifiable technical requirements, their correlation using predefined symbols, establishing the direction of improving the quality of the new product, assessing current competition and determination of target values. Following the analysis, the most important consumer requirements for chicken liver pâté were: the taste (15.63%), the smell (15.63%), the appearance/ color (15.63%), the small amount of saturated lipids/ without added lard (12.5%), the fine texture and spreadable (12.5%), without synthetic colorants and preservatives (12.5%), good price (9.37) and without flavor enhancers (6.24%). Thus, in order to meet consumer requirements, the replacement of sodium nitrite with turmeric powder (Curcuma longa L.), as alternative natural colorant and preservatives (curcumin the principal bioactive substance of turmeric) led to a healthy product, but which will have a higher price compared to the products currently available on the market. However, applying the level II/ III of QFD methodology the low cost was provided by mitigation of price of raw material’s.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Hristo HRISTEV, Rumyana IVANOVA

We studied the influence of the temperature-humidity index (THI) on some basic physiological, hematological and blood cell parameters in free-range dairy cows from three cattle farms with different capacity and breeding techniques for a period of one year. Weak to significant variations in the hematological parameters and indices were found in connection with changes in THI. Despite the reported high THI during the light part of the summer days, the animals retain their immune protection: respiration increased by 10-13%, but the heart rate and body temperature remained within the upper reference range, the erythrocytes increased by 7-8%, the leukocytes by 6%, hemoglobin by 10-15% as well as the eosinophils and the monocytes. The values of the blood cell index (BCI), the lymphocyto-granulocyte index (LGI) and the neutrophil-lymphocyte index (NLI) also increased. Almost all studied physiological parameters, blood cell types and indices were dependent on the season and the type of farm - P <0.05 - P <0.001.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Tsvetelina NIKOLOVA

Honey bees are extremely intelligent creatures that form an indispensable segment of the planet's ecosystem. Their lives are closely linked to environmental conditions. Mostly with climatic conditions, honey-bearing vegetation in the area of the apiary in which they are grown, cultivation technology and many other factors. Good knowledge of honey resources and proper organization of their use are crucial for the development of beekeeping and increase the productivity of bee colonies. The leading factor for the life and development of bees are the environmental conditions - climate, flora and fauna, food base, useful and harmful to bee colonies living organisms. Most of these conditions one cannot make an impact, this can be achieved through large unjustified costs. Another group of factors that determine the development of the bee family are created inside the nest as a result of the vital activity of individuals in it. These include the collection, processing and preservation of food supplies, regulation of temperature, humidity and gas exchange within the bee colony, beneficial and harmful organisms associated with the bee colony, microorganisms involved in digestion and preservation of perga and others. These factors are related to the productivity of the bee family and in them it is possible, to some extent, altered by man. Climate change affects the development and productivity of bees to varying degrees, with weak families and higher mortality. The aim is to trace the influence of climatic conditions and bee grazing on the strength and productivity of bee colonies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Adela MARCU, Lavinia ȘTEF, Silvia PĂTRUICĂ, Ioan PEȚ, Ducu ȘTEF

Fish meat has very high water content, a very low content of connective tissue but has high digestibility. Raw fish is a very perishable food because it has all substances necessary for the development of microorganisms. Fish meat lipids are also very sensitive because they oxidize very quickly during storage. The aim of our research was to examine the influence of garlic extract and packaging methods on the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid content and pH value in fish fillets during storage at low temperatures. 48 fillets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied. The fish fillets were randomly assigned to four batches of 12 samples each (C-control and experimental batches E1, E2 and E3) and marinated in a solution with garlic extract in proportion of 0‰ (C), 3‰ (E1), 6‰ (E2) and 9‰ for 12 hours. For each batch, six fillets were individually vacuum packed and six fillets were individually packed in plastic boxes. The samples were stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 0...+4°C for six days. The studied parameters were determined after marinating, on the 1st, 3rd and 6th day of storage.The raw data obtained was processed by biostatistical methods using the One-Way Anova test, including the Tukey HSD test of the SPPS Statistics application. In the storage period, the amount of TBA increased progressively at each stage of the examination (30 min., 1, 3 and 6 days, respectively), and the amounts in the control samples were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than those in the E1, E2 and E3 samples. Also, the lowest values after 6 days of refrigeration were recorded in the marinated samples and vaccum packed. The lower values recorded in marinated samples were influnced by the antioxidant effect of the garlic extract used. Regarding the TBA amount in fish and fish products, the admissibility limit recommended for the consumer is 2.0 mg MDA/kg, and in our case the values have been much lower.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Nicolae ROŞCA, Ion BALAN, Vladimir BUZAN, Sergiu BALACCI, Olga BULAT, Nicolae FIODOROV, Alexandru DUBALARI, Irina BLÎNDU, Vlad TEMCIUC

In recent times, the use of medicinal plants has significantly increased in correcting the disturbances in the organs and systems of living organisms, which can be caused by climate change, environmental pollution with various wastes, which contain heavy metals and other toxic substances released into the atmosphere as a result of processing of different raw materials et al. Researchers in this field have noticed that a number of plants have antioxidant, detoxifying properties, blocking properties of heavy metals from the internal circuit of living organisms and at the same time prevent the development of many disorders, which can cause different morbidity states of the body. In this paper will be analyzed and processed bibliographic scientific sources of researchers, which deal with the study of the physiological, biochemical, antioxidant, detoxifying, antiradical properties and the influence of biologically active components from Juglans regia L.. There will be presented some results obtained in the research conducted in our laboratory, on the influence of hydroalcoholic extract from green walnuts (Juglans regia L.), where will be taken into account the antioxidant influence and blocking properties of heavy metals, antiradical activity et al. The purpose of this paper was to determine the influence of biochemical complexes, which are contained in Juglans regia L. on antioxidant activity. From the results obtained after processing the specialized literature we notice that Juglans regia L. possesses high antioxidant properties, contain a series of biochemical compounds, such as vitamin C, flavonoids, quercetin et al. Due to the effect of Juglans regia L. on the amelioration of complications of various functional disorders in biological objects, it is necessary to further conduct complex physiological and biochemical studies on the use of Juglans regia L. components in various disorders in organs and systems of the human and animal organism.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Vladimir BUZAN, Nicolae ROŞCA, Ion BALAN, Sergiu BALACCI, Ion MEREUȚA, Iulia CAZACOV, Melania BUCARCIUC, Alexei HANȚAȚUC, Artiom FILIPPOV

Ceruloplasmin is a ferment with a high copper content, manifesting an increased ferroxidase activity, which is detected as a soluble isoform in plasma or as a membrane-associated isoform in different cell types. The ceruloplasmin-ferroportin system is the main route of cellular iron exit in vertebrates and is responsible for the physiological regulation of cellular iron levels. Ceruloplasmin is a copper-containing ferroxydase and plays an important role in the ionic state regulation of iron oxidation - Fe2+ to Fe3+. As a result, iron is incorporated into transferrin without the formation of toxic iron products. Maintaining the normal transport and metabolism of iron is a function of ceruloplasmin to maintain the vitality of tissues and organs. This review focuses on the structural and functional characteristics of the two proteins, with special emphasis on their coordinated regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a glycoprotein that plays an essential role in iron homeostasis. According to the accepted theory, the bivalent iron transported from the cell by ferritin, it is necessary to oxidize certainly by ceruloplasmin in order to slightly facilitate the activity of transferrin. Therefore, the ceruloplasmin-feroportin system is the main pathway of cellular iron metabolism and is responsible for regulating iron levels in the cell. Oxygen is a paradox for cells in that it is both an essential nutrient needed for survival and a precursor for toxic, potentially deadly byproducts. Ceruloplasmin represents a protein with specific domains capable of both facilitating the production of cellular energy and preventing the formation of oxygen radicals. This ability to perform dual tasks lies in the complex shape and structure of the protein and involves strategically placed copper ions, which can help both give and take up electrons from substrates, including iron, oxygen, and iron-binding proteins. Copper is the essential element for the wide range of ceruloplasmin activities that maximizes iron metabolism. A defect or mutation in the ceruloplasmin gene that denies copper incorporation into ceruloplasmin disrupts iron metabolism. Ceruloplasmin is also involved in many redox reactions. Its effect as a pro-oxidant or antioxidant is due to the presence of other factors. In the presence of superoxide (for example, in the inflamed vascular endothelium), it will act as an oxidation catalyst for low-density lipoproteins. About 95% of all copper in the body is found in connection with apoceruloplasmin, therefore, determining the amount of ceruloplasmin is one of the main methods of assessing copper exchange.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Ion BALAN, Nicolae ROŞCA, Vladimir BUZAN, Sergiu BALACCI, Vlada FURDUI, Vasile HAREA, Roman CREŢU, Gheorghi BACU, Galina OSIPCIUC, Ecaterina VÎHRIST

Lately, the research and study of oxidative stress on the functioning of the male reproductive system has intensified. Free radical oxidation processes play a very important role in the functioning of each living cell, on the one hand, this is a necessary stage of various metabolic processes, but on the other hand, the processes of free radical formation intensify, which can cause various pathological changes in the cells and tissues of living organisms. In living systems there are mechanisms for generating active forms of oxygen, as well as biological systems for protecting intact cells from the influence of active forms of oxygen (ROS). In the norm between these systems there is an equilibrium, which provides a normal functioning of subcellular structures and organs as a whole, but this balance very often can be disturbed in the direction of non-compensation of ROS generation and the appearance of oxidative stress. This is a state of the living cell, in which the discoordination of ROS formation processes and the functioning of the antioxidant protection system takes place. At the same time, under normal conditions, the modified macromolecules undergo regeneration or are destroyed. In the processes of oxidative stress the recovery regimes are insufficient, and as a result damaged molecules accumulate in the body (Поварова et al., 2015). It is currently considered that the balance between the ROS generation system and the antioxidant protection system after their elimination have a decisive significance in regulating the functioning of cells. A significant imbalance of the antioxidant-prooxidant system can cause inhibition of the fertility properties of ejaculate. According to the results of the literature, at present the following main interdependent causes of dysregulation of male fertile function in the process of development of oxidative stress are highlighted. First of all, a decrease in the mobility of male reproductive cells is observed, which occurs due to a decrease in the elasticity of the membrane of reproductive cells, and therefore a decrease in the mobility of the flagellum (Галимова et al., 2016). The involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of male infertility has predetermined the study and research of the effectiveness of various antioxidants in regulating and proceeding metabolic processes in the process of spermatogenesis.

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