ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Cezara-Georgiana VINȚE, Adina Lia LONGODOR, Aurelia COROIAN

Agricultural practice, the methods used in increasing and feeding of animals, may be a main factor in the appearance of harmful elements in the products obtained from them. Due to the high consumption of milk worldwide, the question has arisen of determining the compounds that can be harmful to consumers, such as the presence of heavy metals. Heavy metals are toxic to the human body, consumed even in small proportions, and their sources in milk, its products or by-products, can be both natural and anthropogenic, as the main sources being water used in irrigation, agricultural practices, air pollution and contaminated feed used in the ration of animals. The most common heavy metals determined in fresh donkey milk are iron, copper, magnesium, lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and chromium, their determination being possible both by means of standard methods and by means of the mass spectrometry method. The determination of these toxic compounds which may be present in milk is of importance, in particular as regards babies and children, on which they may have a carcinogenic effect.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Oana Andreea MASTAN, Aurelia COROIAN, Adina Lia LONGODOR, Ștefania MARIȘ, Anca BECZE, Andreea TORODOC, Aurel Damian

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are predominant pollutants in the aquatic environment that can cause a variety of potentially toxic effects, affecting the entire ecosystem. PAHs were evaluated following the application of different heat treatments to fish meat by liquid chromatography (HPLC). The following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined: acenaphthene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(gy)pyrylene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, naphthalene and pyrene. The samples analyzed were from raw trout (Salvelinus fontinalis); fried in sunflower oil; fried in olive oil; fried with rapeseed oil; baked in the oven and fried in lard. The brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was harvested from the Mărișel area, Cluj county. The highest values for the hydrocarbons analyzed from raw fish were for naphthalene (5.51±0.21) and benzo(a)anthracene (2.47±0.06). The trout fried in sunflower oil showed the highest values for anthracene (10.34±0.09) and pyrene (10.24±0.30) and Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene was <0.05. Trout fried with rapeseed oil showed the highest values for anthracene (10.34±0.09), followed by pyrene (10.24±0.30) and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene was below <0.05. Trout fried in olive oil showed very high values for pyrene (51.37±0.63) and fluoranthene (20.36±0.89) and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene was <0.05. According to this study, fish meat has the highest percentage of PAHs following the frying process. These compounds play a very important role in the ecosystem, therefore the most affected is the consumer due to the carcinogenic effect they can cause on the body.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Doru NECULA, Valeriu STOILOV-LINU, Mădălina UNGUREANU-IUGA, Bogdan-Mihai NEGREA, Octavia Maria TAMAS-KRUMPE, Diana TODORAN, Laurenţ OGNEAN

The Dornelor Depression occupies a mountainous geographical area with subalpine specifics, known as "Ţara Dornelor". The geological, pedo-climatic, and floristic structure of this area represents the basis of the traditional agriculture development, which is mainly centered on the growth of some autochthonous cattle breeds (Transylvanian Pinzgau, Black Pinzgau/ Dorna Cow and Brown cow of Maramureș). This study aimed to analyse the current level of geological, pedological, climatic, and biodiversity conditions, as well as the need to preserve Pinzgau cow herds and the procedures for preparing traditional dairy products. The obtained results confirmed the location of Suceava county among the leading areas in domestic cattle breeding, Romanian Spotted Cattle being predominant. The analysis of the specific climate has revealed that it is directly influenced by the relief which is structured in altitude steps, the Dornelor land being a representative geographic area for the national and community heritage, through the protected natural areas of the "NATURA 2000" European Ecological Network.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Tatyana IVANOVA, Tsvetan MARKOV, Lora MONDESHKA, Miroslav HRISTOV

The Normande breed originated from cattle brought to Normandy by Viking conquerors in the 9th and 10th centuries. For more than a thousand years, these cattle have become a dual-purpose breed to meet the milk and meat needs of the people of northwestern France. Normande cows have been exported around the world. The average height of bulls is about 152 cm and cows about 140 cm. The average body weight of male animals is about 1100 kg, and females about 700 kg. Normande cattle are an enduring French breed selected for the production of high-fat, high-protein milk, sought after for high-quality production of butter, cream and cheese and for their attractive meat properties. The Normande carry the Kappa Casein gene. The Normande breed is the only dairy breed sold as 'first class' meat. The carcass weight for young bulls is 355 kg with a meat yield of 55%, for castrates - 391 kg with a 55% yield, and for slaughtered cows the carcass weight is 340 kg with a meat yield of 53%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Mihaela SARACILA, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Arabela Elena UNTEA, Petru Alexandru VLAICU

The present study evaluates the effect of dietary chromium and zinc (Cr-Zn) supplementation on performance, serum biochemical parameters, carcass development and intestinal microflora of broilers reared under high heat stress (HS). An experiment was carried out on 60 Ross 308 broiler chickens, assigned to two experimental groups (C and Cr-Zn) with 30 chickens/group and maintained under high heat stress (32°C). Compared to the control diet (C), the experimental diet included the addition of a premix with 20 mg chromium picolinate +2.5 g Zn/kg premix (Cr-Zn). Dietary Cr-Zn did not affect the performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens reared under HS conditions. The use of Cr-Zn in broiler diet led to a significant reduction of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, staphylococci in the caecal and intestinal content. Both in the caecum and in the intestinal contents of Cr-Zn broiler chickens, the number of lactobacilli was significantly higher than in the C broilers. The combination of Zn and Cr in broiler feeding has a positive impact on maintaining the balance of intestinal microflora during heat stress.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Alina ANTACHE, Stefan-Mihai PETREA, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Aurelia NICA, Victor CRISTEA, Puiu Lucian GEORGESCU, Cătălina ITICESCU, Alin CIOBÎCĂ

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn and vitamin E on the physiological status of Oreochromis niloticus species. The experimental design consists in a four experimental diet: V1 - control, V2 - 1% sea buckthorn/kg feed, V3 - 500 mg vitamin E/kg feed and V4 - 1% sea buckthorn+500 mg vitamin E/kg feed. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with this phytobiotic and vitamin contributed to the emergence of significant changes compared to the control variant at the level of the number of erythrocytes, erythrocyte constants (MCV, MCH, MCHC), glucose concentration and total protein. In variant V4 it was observed an increase of erythrocyte constants (MCV and MCH) and a reduction of the number of erythrocytes. Regarding to the leukocyte reaction, in V2, V3 and V4 variants was observed an improvement of the fish physiological status compared to the fish from control variant. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn and vitamin E (V4) presented a synergistic effect on the welfare status of Nile tilapia reared in a recirculating aquaculture system.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Hippolyte MEKUIKO WATSOP, Aristide SASSA MEBENGA, Kary OUMAROU MALLAM, Guela ABBA MOHAMADOU, François DJITIE KOUATCHO, Jules LEMOUFOUET, Livia VIDU, Ion CALIN, Monica Paula MARIN

In order to reduce problems linked to mineral deficiency during broilers production, as well as to improve digestive capacity of nutrients, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pecking stone on broilers production. The study was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023 on 207 chicks of COBB 500 strain. The chicks were divided from the first day into three (3) batches of 69 birds and each batch was split into 3 sub-batches serving as repetitions. A batch T used as a control did not receive any mineral block, while, batch A and B were respectively supplemented with pecking stones A (peck A) and B (peck A). The results obtained showed that the feed conversion ratio of the animals fed the diet supplemented with pecking stones decreased significantly (2.73 and 2.70 for the Peck A and Peck B batches respectively) compared with the control batch (2.97). Body weight gain carcass weight and the feed cost of producing one kilogram of body weight of chicken was significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated with the use of pecking stones. In general, the feed supplement based on pecking stones improved the zootechnical and biochemical parameters of the chickens.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Cristian RIMNICEANU, Mirela CRETU, Iulia Rodica GRECU, Marina PIHUROV, Gabriela BAHRIM, Lorena DEDIU

This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of a diet supplemented with fermented products on the meat quality of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) reared in a recirculation aquaculture system. The fermented product was made by combining artisanal cultures of Kombucha and milk kefir granules grown up in sucrose, black tea, and bovine colostrum. Four experimental groups were established: V1 - a control group that received a commercial diet with 54% crude protein, and V2 to V4 groups, which received the same diet supplemented with 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, and 3 g/kg of fermented product, respectively. After 35 days of diet administration, the biochemical composition of fresh meat was analysed. The results showed that the addition of fermented products significantly influenced the water, ash, and lipid content of A. baerii meat (p < 0.05), while the protein content was not influenced (p > 0.05) by the administrated diet. In conclusion, it is evident that adding the fermented product in A. baerii meat has an improving effect on body composition.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Maria Desimira STROE, Mirela CREȚU, Floricel Maricel DIMA, Magdalena TENCIU, Gabriel ION

Common carp and Prussian carp are two of the main exploited freshwater fish from the Danube Delta, that's why obtaining information regarding the stock assessment has great importance for population structure. Our study aimed to investigate the parameters of growth and mortality among these populations. From the result of our study, the correlation between length and weight was W = 0.04×Lt2.70 for common carp and W = 0.10×Lt2.47 for Prussian carp. The calculated parameters for mortality were: total mortality (Z) was 1.74 for Common carp and 2.29 for Prussian carp, the natural (M) was 0.82 for Common carp, respectively 1.03 for Prussian carp, while the rate of exploitation reached a value of 0.53 for common carp and 0.55 for Prussian carp. In conclusion, the study analysed mortality due to natural causes, fishing, and overfishing and concluded that both species are currently being overexploited.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Osamah Mahmood Abdulzahra MURSHEDI, Horia GROSU, Petrut-Lucian PARASCHIVESCU

The purpose of this study is to estimate the heritability in Palas - Prolific Line Sheep, for milk and prolificacy. This objective was undertaken applying the BLUP methodology, to a random regression animal model, for milk yield and, also, to an ordinary animal model for the number of offsprings/ewe/lambing. For milk yield, the data set consisted of 4610 test day records from the first lactation of 485 ewes, with records, sired about 97 rams. Totally, there were 1049 animals, including the ancestors. The fixed effect in the model were fixed lactation curves and flock-test-date. The random effects of animal and permanent environmental effects were modelled using orthogonal polynomials of order three. The curve of daily heritabilities for milk yields were 0.216, 0.133, 0.151, 0.219, 0.280, 0.314, 0.318, 0.292, 0.243, 0.199 and 0.210 for 50, 64, 78, 92, 106, 120, 134, 148, 162, 176, 190 days in milk. For the number of offsprings/ewe/lambing (prolificacy) the heritability was estimated using an animal model. The fixed effect was the year and season of lambing. Random effects was represented by animals. The heritability of prolificacy was 0.177.

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