ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Stilyana YANEVA, Gradimir GRADEV, Tatyana BILEVA

Lesser Kestrel often nests in urban areas, where is provided nesting sites and the level of threat of predation is lowland. Demolition of older buildings where the birds nested is the problems of the breeding range. Due to the drastic reduction of natural habitats, the placement of artificial nest boxes provides reliable nesting sites with a low risk of predation. Over 70 artificial nest boxes were installed on the territory of SPA 'Sakar' part of NATURA 2000 where the Lesser Kestrel has been successfully recovered as a breeder. The installed artificial nest boxes are different types providing more breeding opportunities. In this survey our goal is to process which factors affect the occupation rate of provided artificial nest boxes. The results showed that artificial nest boxes performances (type of the nest boxes, height above ground and etc.) significantly influenced the occupancy. We conclude that artificial nest boxes are of great importance in providing safe nesting sites.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Andriyana DMYTROTSA, Stakh VOVK, Maria VOROBEL, Oleg KLYM

Numerous scientific studies conducted in recent years have proven that, along with genetic and feeding factors, the provision and control of optimal microclimate parameters is closely related to the physiological state of animals, the course of the main metabolic processes in the body of pigs of different ages and productive groups. It is known that the potential productivity of animals under unsatisfactory housing conditions is realized only by 70-80%. Among these indicators, an important role in the process of growing pigs belongs to the microclimate of the premises - temperature, humidity, speed of air movement, its gas composition, concentration of harmful gases, microorganisms and dust in it. When pigs deviate from the optimal parameters, thermoregulation and metabolism are disturbed, the digestibility and assimilation of feed nutrients deteriorates, and as a result, productivity decreases, which ultimately negatively affects the quality of pork and the efficiency of production. Taking into account the constant intensification of pork production processes and climatic changes on the territory of Ukraine, the study of the influence of indoor microclimate parame-ters on metabolic processes and productive qualities of pigs of different age groups is relevant and of both scientific and practical interest.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Mihaela DUMITRU, Georgeta CIURESCU

Preparations containing probiotic bacteria have a beneficial effect on animal health. The probiotics benefits translate into an increased interest in techniques for the preservation of microorganisms. In this study, the viability of Bacillus licheniformis (BL) ATCC 21424 strain, was evaluated in shake flask culture (Erlenmeyer 100 mL on shaking incubator) and batch 7-L stirred bioreactor under submerged fermentation (SMF), respectively. The inoculum was grown in a nutrient medium (37°C, 24 h±2 h, 200 rpm) and the viability was evaluated by 10-fold dilutions. The fermentation process in the bioreactor was examined at 37°C for 24 h under constant agitation (200 rpm). During SMF under controlled pH and oxygen availability, the cell growth rate was measured by optical density (OD 600 nm) at different interval times (6, 12, 18, 22 and 24 h). The maximum specific rate of BL in the exponential phase was calculated 0.524 h-1. When the stationary phase was reached, the OD in SMF increased, which was 2.01 times higher than that in flask culture. Without any cryoprotectant, the cell suspension was subjected to cold shock first and then freeze-dried. The proven survival rate of cells after freeze-drying was 90.65%. The viability of BL powder decreased only by 1.09 log (CFU/mL) vs. SMF, this resistance being also due to Bacillus spp. ability to sporulate. These results convincingly demonstrated that freeze-drying could be used in the preparation of BL ATCC 21424 strain as a lyophilized probiotic product with applicability in animal nutrition.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Gradimir GRADEV, Stilyana YANEVA, Tatyana BILEVA, Maria MAKRI, Kostas VLACHOPOULOS

The Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni, Fleischer, 1818) strongly attached to agro-environmental landscapes, showing high preferences towards extensively managed wheat crops and extensively grazed or otherwise maintained pastures. The colonies of that species are often nesting in urban areas usually surrounded by agricultural fields or open uncultivated grasslands, securing food resources. This defines the species as a typical representative of farmland birds, whose main foraging and breeding habitats in Bulgaria fall into two main types of ecosystems - agroecosystems and grassland ecosystems, and its breeding habitats cover urban ecosystems. The aim of the present study is to assess the potential ecosystem services provide by Lesser Kestrel after recovering the species as a breeder in Bulgaria by Green Balkans NGO. MAES Ecosystem classification and data from the largest colony of the species in the country, located within SPA Sakar, part of the ecological network NATURA 2000 used. As a result, two major ecosystem services provided by the species: the provision of regulating ecosystem services by suppressing arthropods, reptiles and rodents populations and cultural ecosystem services through opportunities of ecotourism, environmental education, birdwatching were identify. Because of the critically endangered status of the Lesser Kestrel in Bulgaria, the species further contributes to the protection of habitats and thus, to the ecosystem services they provide.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Radoslava ZAHARIEVA

In the autumn of 2022, 37 specimens of Orpheus dace (Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006) were subjected to helminthological examination. The fish were caught from the lower section of the Chepelarska River (in the area of Katunitsa village). Three endohelminth species were isolated - Acanthocephalus tenuirostris (Achmerov & Dombrovskaja-Achmerova, 1941) Yamaguti, 1963 (class Trematoda), Contracaecum sp., Rhabdochona denudata (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet, 1916 (class Nematoda). The component community and infracommunity of Orpheus dace were reviewed. One core species (Contracaecum sp.; P% = 32.43) was found in the component community of Sq. orpheus. Brillouin’s diversity index (HB), Pielou’s evenness index (E), and Simpson’s dominance index (C) were calculated. The research aims to provide data on the helminths and helminth communities of Orpheus dace from the freshwater ecosystem of the Chepelarska River. The studied biotope (Katunitsa) is a new habitat for the found helminth species of Orpheus dace.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Petya ZAHARIEVA

The present study presents new data on the helminths and helminth communities of fish from the freshwater ecosystem of the Luda Yana River as part of the Maritsa River Basin in Bulgaria, Eastern Aegean Water Basin. In connection with this, 32 specimens of Orpheus dace (Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006) were collected and examined. The specimens were collected in the autumn of 2022 in the vicinity of the Popintsi village, located in the middle section of the Luda Yana River. The helminthological examination was carried out according to standard methods. Invasion with 3 species of helminths was found - one cestode species (Caryophyllaeides fennica (Schneider, 1902) Nybelin, 1922); one acanthocephalan species (Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1911) and one nematode species (Rhabdochona denudata (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet, 1916). Ac. lucii is reported for the first time from Sq. orpheus in Bulgaria.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Ion BUZU

The purpose of this research was to reveal the variability of the morpho-productive characters that determine the development of body conformation, as well as to identify the factors that influence its optimization. The researches were carried out on the batches of lambs from the classic Karakul and Moldavian Karakul races, born in the experimental households: the state farm "Коtоvschii", Dumbrăveni district and the experimental agricultural station "Tevit", Anenii Noi district, Republic of Moldova. The results of the research demonstrated that the body conformation of the Moldavian Karakul lambs is typical of the classic (Asian) Karakul sheep race, with some particularities related to the development of body mass, body length and constitution. Moldavian Karakul lambs are quite full-bodied at birth, with an average body mass of 4.7-5.0 kg, and in some years over 5.0 kg, this being a biological peculiarity of the new type of sheep. Variability of lamb body mass at birth is hereditarily determined (genotypic correlation coefficient rxy = 0.63; h2 = 0.36; repeatability coefficient K0-6months= 0.26; K0-18months = 0.23) and influenced environmental conditions, in particular, the nutrition of pregnant ewes. The body mass of the lambs at birth is in a direct-proportional phenotypic relationship with: age of the ewes at calving, body length (rxy = 0.49), skin thickness (rxy = 0.45), fiber length (rxy = 0.22-0.31), furskin surface (rxy = 0.64), loop size and constitution; inversely proportional to: the prolificacy of the ewes in the term and the calving period; curvilinear with: the qualities of own furskin (weight in the flock at calving of the higher class Elita lambs). Lamb body length at birth is in the same similar phenotypic relationships as body mass, including with: skin thickness (rxy = 0.54), fiber length (rxy = 0.15-0.18), furskin area (rxy = 0.78). The constitution of the lamb at birth is in a phenotypic relationship: directly proportional - with its own body mass, body length, thickness and skin reserve; inversely proportional - to skin density.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Gabriela Maria CORNESCU, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Ana CISMILEANU, Cristina-Camelia MATACHE, Mara-Ioana MUNTIU-RUSU

This review aims to evaluate partially substitution of soybean meal with peas (Pisum sativum) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) in pigs’ feeding. Peas and lucerne offer favourable nutritional profiles, containing substantial levels of protein, essential amino acids, and dietary fibre. The two ingredients can be economically viable alternatives to soybean meal due to their relatively lower cost and availability in certain regions, reducing feeding costs, thus benefiting pig producers. Partially substituting soybean meal with peas and lucerne can alleviate the environmental burden associated with soybean production, because it is required less land and water resources, and their cultivation has a lower environmental footprint, making them sustainable choices for pig feed formulation. Although peas and lucerne may contain certain anti-nutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors and phytates, which can interfere with nutrient utilization and digestion in pigs, a proper processing technique, such as heat treatment or enzyme supplementation, are necessary to mitigate the negative effects of these compounds and improve nutrient availability. The palatability of the diet may be influenced by factors such as flavour, texture, and aroma, therefore a careful formulation and gradual introduction of these alternative protein sources can help ensure adequate feed intake and prevent any potential negative effects. The digestibility of protein and other nutrients of peas and lucerne can be lower compared to soybean meal, which may impact nutrient utilization and growth performance. However, optimization of formulation, feed processing, and enzyme supplementation can help overcome these challenges and improve nutrient digestibility.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Diana-Remina MANOLIU, Marius Mihai CIOBANU, Mihai Cătălin CIOBOTARU, Alina Narcisa POSTOLACHE, Bianca Georgiana ANCHIDIN, Paul Corneliu BOIȘTEANU

The objective of this study was to develop and characterize three batches of mortadella made at the IULS meat processing microsection from three anatomical regions of the pork carcass: loin, tenderloin, and chop. The proportion of ingredients introduced were: 80% meat, 15% pork fat, and 5% ice flakes. The mortadella samples were characterized physicochemically in terms of moisture, lipid, protein, and collagen content, as well as sensoryly to determine the perception of a group of evaluators on sensory attributes (appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture, general acceptance). The batch of mortadella obtained from tenderloin had the highest moisture and protein content and the lowest lipid percentage compared to the batches obtained from loin and chop. The anatomical region significantly influenced the color parameters of the mortadella, with the L3MC batch showing the most intense lightness, the highest value of the b* parameter, and the lowest red intensity compared to the other two samples. Regarding the sensory evaluation, the batches were scored between 6.27-8.03 for the sensory attributes, and the ranking of the overall acceptance of samples was: L1MS, L2MM, L3MC.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXVI, Issue 2
Written by Merri ROTINSULU, Heidy MANANGKOT, Martha KAWATU, Indyah WAHYUNI, Syallom SORONGAN

This study was conducted to determine the effect of palm sugar and NaCl salt on pork jerky stored at room temperature. In this study, the Split Plot design was used in a time design that was arranged as follows: Factor A was the concentration of palm ant sugar + NaCl salt (divided into 3 combinations), namely A1 = Palm ant sugar 15% + NaCl 5%, A2 = Palm sugar 10 % + 10% NaCl salt, A3 = 5% palm sugar + 15% NaCl salt and factor B is storage duration at room temperature (20-25°C) (divided by 3 different time durations) as follows B1 = 10 days, B2 = 20 days, B3 + 30 days, with three replications. The variables observed were water content, pH and microbial count and peroxide value. The results showed that the use of palm sugar + NaCl gave a very different effect (P <0.01) on the water content and the number of microbes in pork jerky and peroxide value but not (P>0.05) on the pH of pork jerky. Storage time at room temperature had a significantly different effect (P<0.01) on water content, pH, and the number of microbes and peroxide numbers. In short, the use of palm sugar 5% + NaCl 15% can extend the shelf life of pork jerky up to 30 days.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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