ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Daniela Mihaela GRIGORE, Elena IRIMIA, Elena POGURSCHI, Marinela ENCULESCU, Narcisa BĂBEANU

The aim of the current review was to evaluate the efficacy of using microorganisms with probiotic effect and prebiotic substrate on calves’ health status. Probiotics and prebiotics are currently subject to expansive research as alternative to antibiotics use in animal husbandry. This study reports the symbiotic effects on calves at weaning period (calf performance) and health applications (potential benefits in calf’s health and safety use). Since preweaning period, diary calves are vulnerable due to innate immune system, not fully capable of protection the organism against pathogenic actions. Thus, in order to minimise the stress during weaning period and to encourage efficient valorisation of nutrients probiotics and prebiotics are used as natural feed supplements. The article describes interrelations of probiotics and physiological responses to weaning, given that such aspects are very important due to the detrimental balance provided from dietary and physiological mechanisms concerned weaning calves. The importance of exploiting this valuable resource rises with the demand of safer and more affordable alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters, reducing economic loss and promoting homeostasis, thus increasing farm profit.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Daniela Mihaela GRIGORE, Elena IRIMIA, Ioana NICOLAE, Dinu GAVOJDIAN, Narcisa BABEANU

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of using Enterococcus faecium as probiotic on dairy calves’ growth rates and health status. During a 42 days trial, sixteen un-weaned Romanian Black Spotted calves were homogenously assigned in two groups: C (n = 8, control) and E (n = 8, treated with 2 x 108 CFU/ml of Enterococcus faecium). Body weight, blood sampling and diarrheic score were assessed at 0, 14, 28 and 42 days following administration of the probiotic. At the end of the trial, probiotic administration affected positively the experimental group, having a higher average daily gain with 23.96% compared to the control (ADG = 763.35g vs. 616.28g). Probiotic supplementation had no significant effects (P>0.05) on the hematologic profile and on calves health status. However, the prevalence of diarrhoea was higher in group C (32%) compared with group E (16%). Results suggest that throughout the use of Enterococcus faecium in un-weaned calves diets, the growth rates are improved and this could represent an approach in the control and prevention of enteric diseases.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Alexander DARYIN, Nikolai KERSHOV, Tatyana SHISHKINA, Tatyana GUSEVA

The main factor in obtaining high-quality hatching eggs is the full balanced feeding of laying hens of the parent flock. In order to study the effect of Echinacea purpurea on the morphological qualities of hatching eggs, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on laying hens of the parent flock of broilers (it was named as Kobb-500). The birds of the experimental groups were additionally introduced into the feed mixture 1% dry weight of Echinacea purpurea. Evaluation of Kobb-500 chicken eggs at various age periods showed that all morphological indicators of the eggs corresponded to optimal values: protein index - from 7.6 to 8.4%, yolk index - from 39.0 to 42.0%, form index - from 74.9 to 75.3, Howe units - from 82.5 to 84.4 conventional units. In the experiment, a positive effect of Echinacea purpurea on egg mass, shell thickness, and protein index was noted. In general, studies have shown a positive significant effect of Echinacea purpurea on egg morphology and chicken productivity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Joseph Joseph OKOH, Samuel MBAP, Yusuf MANCHA, Tahir IBRAHIM

Adult female indigenous chickens were assessed for egg characteristics in the North central agro ecological zone of Nigeria. Data were generated as Out/on station on all female chickens. Chickens were maintained as a single unimproved population and allowed to mate, lay and hatch naturally. External and internal qualities were assessed on the first generation eggs. Egg weight showed mean value of 39.59 ±0.06 g which did not vary significantly. There was however significant variation by state. Overall mean egg length was 3.80±0.01 cm, while on-station had 3.81± 0.01 cm. Mean egg width was 3.89 ± 0.01cm and on-station 3.88± 0.01 cm, but values varied significantly (P<0.01) by states. Mean shell thickness was 0.90±0.32mm while on-station value was 0.52±0.05 mm. There was significant difference in shell thickness (P<0.001) by states. Thickness varied from 0.35±0.03 to 0.790±0.08 mm in Nasarawa and Niger states. Shell weight was observed to be 4.18± 0.01 and showed non-significant difference by site and state. Internal quality showed that mean albumen width 18.78 ± 0.02 cm. Albumen height was observed to be 4.57± 0.03 cm and showed no significant difference by site but differed significantly (P<0.001) by state. The overall quality rating of the egg (Haugh unit) was 76.31± 0.16. Highest egg quality (Hu=78.61±0.22) was observed in Nasarawa and least (Hu = 73.44±0.16) in Niger state. Most correlation values were significant at 1%. Only egg weight is correlated with shell weight at 5 % (0.036; P<0.05). Most egg characteristic measured was lowly correlated. There was similarity of egg in the study area since most traits were non-significant. The high egg qualities are an indication of good reproductive performance in the chickens and the positive correlations showed that the traits could be used to predict each other and thus aid selection and hasten selection processes to develop the indigenous layer chickens.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Diana KIRIN, Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA

During 2018, biomonitoring of the Luda Yana River ecosystem was carried out by examining the biological elements of quality: the freshwater fish species common roach (Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1753)) and its endohelmiths and endohelminth communities as bioindicators. 45 specimens of common roach are examined for parasites and three species of endohelmiths (Caryophyllaeides fennica (Schneider, 1902) Nybelin, 1922; Acanthocephalus lucii (Mueller, 1776); Rhabdochona denudatа (Dujardin, 1845) Raillet, 1916) are fixed. New host and locality records are reported. The analysis of the dominant structure of the established intestinal parasite complex was presented to the level of the component community. For an ecological estimation of the freshwater ecosystem, principal biotic indexes are fixed. The bioindicator significance of the identified parasitе populations and communities are discussed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Margareta OLTEANU, Mariana ROPOTA, Cristina SOICA, Petru Alexandru VLAICU, Petruta VISINESCU, Rodica Diana CRISTE

Vegetable raw materials rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in α linolenic (C18:3n3) are represented by flaxseed meal (51.67 ± 0.062% α-linolenic acid) and rice bran (1.79 ± 0.023% α-linolenic acid). A 6-wk study was conducted on 80, Tetra SL layers (38 weeks) assigned to two groups (C and E), to evaluate the effect of using raw materials rich in PUFA in layer diets, on layer performance. Hens were housed in an experimental hall under controlled environmental conditions, in 3-tier batteries (4 layers/cage), and 16h/24 h light regimen. The commercial (C) diet had 2.800 kcal ME, 17.8% CP and 0.885 gα - linolenic acid/ 100 g total FAME. Unlike for diet C, the experimental (E) diet formulations used 2.5% flaxseed meal and 10% rice bran which increased the concentration of α- linolenic acid (4.575 g/100 g total FAME) in this diet. The average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, laying percentage and egg weight were monitored throughout the experimental period. Eighteen eggs per group were collected during the final experimental day, and physical measurements were performed on the eggs. Daily feed intake (121.088 g/day/hen) and feed conversion ratio (1.965 kg feed/kg egg) were not influenced by using flaxseed meal (2.5%) and rice bran (10%) in laying hens diet compared with the C group. Also, the laying percentage was higher (P˃0.05%) at the E group (95.23%) compared to the C group (94.4%).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Ion Tudor COMAN, Livia VIDU, Constantin TRĂISTARU, Gheorghe Emil MĂRGINEAN

The paper aims to present the effects of the abolition of the milk quota system who was in force for more than 30 years, to analyse the new milk packake introduced by the European Union (since October 3, 2012, it is in full force). This package was prepared in 2015 with a view to the long term future of the dairy sector after the quota system expired. Also, we have analyzed and produced a study case for Germany, in respect of the two systems who were in force in EU, taking in consideration the role, position and place of the German milk market at European level.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Alina MOGODAN, Isabelle METAXA, Ștefan-Mihai PETREA, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Aurelia NICĂ, Victor CRISTEA

The present study was carried out to measures and analyses the condition of cyprinids, reared in a two IMTA systems by using a few organosomatic indices. The first pond (PCP) was used for rearing common carp in polyculture with other cyprinids. The second pond was divided in two parts: first part-common carp (CP) and the second part - polyculture (PP). During this experimental period (May to September), the biometric measurement was made monthly. Regarding to the feeding regime, fish were feed only in PCP and CP pond (part of CP-PP pond). At the end of the experiment the results showed an increase in viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HIS), gastrosomatic index (GaSI) at cyprinids in CP and PCP. This is mainly due to the fact that only in CP and PCP feed was administered. An increase in the relative gut length (RGL) index was observed especially in grass carp, followed by the other cyprinids in the PP pond, part of the CP-PP pond, in which feed was not administered. In conclusion, this shows us that cyprinids can adapt to the natural feeding conditions in case of feed absence (cereals mix).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Constantin PASCAL, Ionică NECHIFOR, Costică CRISTIAN, Florea MARIAN

The effectuated research aimed to analyse the improvement possibility of milk production at goats on the basis of the application of a cross-breeding programme between Carpatina breed domestic females with male reproducers belonging to some more productive breeds and which proved that have a higher capacity for improving the milk production at half-breed populations. Biological material was represented by goat populations which belong to different breeds, respectively autochthonous Carpatina breed (LM) as well as other half-breed groups of first generation resulted by cross-breeding domestic breed females with male reproducers belonging to Anglo-Nubian breed (L1) and French Alpine (L2). To compare the results and ameliorative effect due to cross-breeding, especially on milk production capacity, were utilise3d data obtained after application of performances productive control. The applied working methods for estimation of milk production were based on technical norms which regulate effectuation of official control for milk production at farm animals accepted in experimental technique and recommended by International Committee for Animal Recording. Based on applied productive control was observed that between L1and LM exist a real difference for total milk production of 17.74 kg milk, difference which have a high degree of statistical significance for P>1%. In case of cross-breeding of batch L2 in comparison with autochthonous goats the real difference between level of mean milk production is 23.30 kg milk being distinct significant for P>1%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Cătălin Emilian NISTOR, Vasile BĂCILĂ, Petrică AVRAM, Alexandru USTUROI, Bogdan-Vlad AVARVAREI

This paper presents the data of a study on the commercial quality of fresh cow's milk gathered from the North East area of Romania. Raw cow milk quality have been surveyed on samples collected from 126650 dairy cows (breeds Friesian, Simmental, Brown and Pinzgau) from 2458 farms from four counties in north eastern region of Romania. The samples were collected in sterilized plastic bottles of 50 ml preserved with bronopol 0.2 %, kept at refrigerating conditions till analysis. Analyses of raw milk included microbiological and physico-chemical parameters like bacterial count, somatic cell count, fat, protein, casein, lactose, urea, dry matter, density and pH. The results of the researches carried out indicated that all the raw milk collected fully complied with the en-force regulations concerning the physico-chemical quality features but for the safety hygienic ones, including the bacterial count (BC) and somatic cells count (SCC) the values found were higher.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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