ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Danut Ioan STRUTI, Daniel MIERLITA, Ioan Mircea POP, Daniela LADOSI, Tudor PAPUC

The utilization of the lupine seeds (Lupinus spp. L.) from low-alkaloids varieties in monogastric animals feeds is limited due to the presence of antinutritive factors. Studies show that a considerable improvement of the nutritional composition of lupine is achieved by dehulling the seeds. The seed dehulling process increases the crude protein and fat levels, and decreases the content of cellulose, neutral detergent fibers and acid detergent fibers. An improvement of the biological value of lupine protein and the nutritional quality of fat is also obtained by dehulling. Antinutritive factors, such as non-starch polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, are partially reduced by dehulling, because of their storage in high concentrations in the kernel. For poultry and swine feeding, the utilization of whole lupine seeds is limited due to the lack of endogenous enzymes for processing the antinutritional factors. Therefore, numerous studies highlight that the use of dehulled seeds realizes similar bioproductive performances as soybean by-products. This is possible if the optimal inclusion level of lupine in diets and the adequate balance in limited amino acids are realized. Lupine seeds are therefore a valuable alternative source of proteins and fat, which is proven to be able to support productions, while improving the quality of animal products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Evgeniya ACHKAKANOVA, Genoveva STAYKOVA

Subject of the study were 655 female lambs from the Ile de France breed, born in the period 2017-2020 in Bulgaria. Weight development was monitored. Live weight at birth, at 30, at 70 days and 9 months was measured. The gain for the studied periods was calculated. The analysis was made using a multifactor linear-statistical model for each studied age. The factors inducing a specific variance were year of birth, lambing season, and farm. The year had a significant effect on the live weight at all studied ages, except weight at birth. The season affected live weight at all levels, excluding weight at 30 days. The average daily gain indicated a reliable specific variance depending on the year of birth of all studied ages. The season affected the gain of 30 to 70 days only. The farm had a highly significant effect on the live weight and the gain at all ages. The obtained results for live weight and gain from birth to 9 months of age confirmed the good adaptation of the breed in Bulgaria and the opportunity for realization its potential for high growth intensity at an early age.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Cristian Romeo REVNIC, Flory REVNIC, Silviu VOINEA

Hypertension or elevated arterial blood pressure is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death and by the year 2025 the number of people with arterial hypertension will reach 1.5 billion. Objectives are to get some insights concerning the mechanisms of induction of arterial hypertension (AHT). We used freshly collected fragments of rat heart and aorta incubated with serum from hypertensive (HT) subjects as well as with different Na2HPO4 concentrations in order to follow up the changes in 45CaCl2 fluxes, in 3H Serotonine, 3H Noradrenaline (NA) as well as in 3H Cortisol uptake in rat aorta and heart. Our data have pointed out significant changes in 45CaCl2 uptake in rat aorta and heart incubated with serum from (HT) subjects which can be pathologically correlated with the mechanism of (AHT) induction. A significant decrease in 3H Serotonine and 3H NA has been recorded both in rat aorta and heart incubated with (HT) serum which can be accounted for a suppressing of normal inhibitory mechanism. As far as 3H Cortisol uptake is concerned, no change was noticed in the case of incubation with sera from (HT) subjects both in heart and aorta. When different Na2HPO4 have been used, 3H NA and 3H Serotonine uptake in rat aorta have pointed out an increase in 3H NA uptake at phosphate concentrations close to the physiology ones, while in the case of 3H Serotonine, there is a proportional increase in its uptake at higher Na2HPO4 concentrations. It seems that 45CaCl2 admission depends very much on organic Na2HPO4 concentration.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Mugurel COLA, Florica COLA

The consumption behavior of fodder in kg dry substance (SU) per day was followed for the duration of the fodder consumption in minutes per day, and the duration of the rumination in minutes per day, at 6 first-calf heifers in each group for 3 consecutive days. During the stall period, the group 1 first-calf heifers had higher fodder consumption than the group 2 first-calf heifers. The SU consumption was 19.5 kg/day in the group 1 and 17.2 kg/day in the first group 2. The duration of fodder consumption was higher in group 1 (robust first-calf heifers) compared to the duration of fodder consumption in group 2 (256 vs. 236 minutes per day). The average time to consume one kg of SU was on average 13.12 minutes for group 1 of animals and 13.70 minutes for group 2 of animals. The ideal cow for pasturing systems is the cow that consumes large quantities of green mass and efficiently transforms it into high milk production per kg live weight. The first-calf heifers in group 2 are slightly more efficient in pasturing than the robust first-calf heifers. Grass consumption was, on average, 16.4 kg Dry Substance in group 2 of animals compared to group 1 of animals 14.2 kg SU. The difference between the two consumptions 22.2 kg SU is statistically significant (p<0.05).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Merri ROTINSULU, Heidy MANANGKOT, Delly Bertha Johana RUMONDOR Martha KAWATU, Ben TAKAENDENGAN

The part of the piece of meat that has not been separated from the bone was known as carcass, which in the market were found in several forms such as "Dressed" (body parts without blood and feathers), "Eviscerated" (parts of the body without blood, feathers, bowels were clean) and "Ready to cook" was a carcass that has been excreted by blood, feathers, head, feet and all contents of the stomach except gizzard, liver and heart. The use of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) as an inhibiting factor in the occurrence of meat damage so that the quality of the carcass can be maintained. This research has been carried out through an experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) (Steel and Torrie, 1994) in five replications. As the first factor (A) was the utilization of degradation manure (MFD) consisting of A1 (5% MFD), A2 (10% MFD), A3 (15% MFD) and second factor (B) was soaking time with sweet orange consists of B1 (10 minutes immersion), B2 (20 minutes immersion) and B3 (30 minutes immersion). Color, taste, aroma, texture of meat were the observation variables. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of MFD and soaking sweet orange on the quality of non-race chicken carcasses. Another aim was to convince the public that the use of MFD flour in nonrace chicken feed accompanied by soaking method with sweet oranges as a natural preservative will be able to provide a positive value and influence on the quality of the laying hen meat carcasses was another goal. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the immersion duration of sweet orange had a significantly different effect (P<0.01) on taste, not significantly (P>0.05) in texture and significantly effect (P<0.05) on the color of the chicken carcass. HSD test results that the soaking time of 30 minutes with a combination of the use of 15% MFD was still acceptable. In conclusion, carcass immersed for 30 minutes by giving 15% MFD by organoleptic test for taste, aroma, carcass color, can still be accepted by panellists and the public.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Iuliana MARIN, Monica-Paula MARIN, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE

Farmers need to manage better the increasing demand of food by scaling their services according to the required capacity and through the use of IT products and services. The process needs to be efficient and sustainable in order to perform safely. Lean, Agile and DevOps are leading workflow models and concepts which can be included in the process to improve the time and quality of product delivery. Agile optimizes the development of software. DevOps combines development with operations, while shortening the life cycle of software development and improves its quality. Lean enhances focus and optimizes the value stream by identifying automation opportunities and collaboration. The article presents the purpose, methodology and goals for supply chain management in farms. Farmers start from ideas and they apply practices and principles until they get the value out of the supply chain. The Lean principles are the basis of the product development flow. The practices start from finding and validating ideas for the Lean product and how it fits in the market. DevOps incorporates many lean principles and focuses on the enhancement of the collaboration between the employees who are responsible for software development and operations. Software development is based on Agile and it has the Scrum and Kanban methodologies for processes, while engineering is based on extreme programming. Methodologies in the farm supply chain management can be considered to be diagnosis instruments that allow evaluation. Farms identify and implement activities which aim to augment the benefits gained through the use of software and methodologies. Additionally, these principles can be used by academics and practitioners in complementary domains.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Jet Saartje MANDEY, Fenny R. WOLAYAN, Cherly J. PONTOH, Youdhie H. S. KOWEL

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acids and to determine the antibacterial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and carrot (Daucus carota) against the pathogen Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Clove and carrot were prepared from fresh plants in three concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 10%), the positive control of chloramphenicol and the negative control of DMSO. Disc diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activities of clove and carrot. The results showed that dominant fatty acids in flower of clove were Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid, Cis-13,16- Docosadienoic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Linolenic acid, -Linolenic acid, and fatty acid total was 9.59% w/w, whereas fat content of clove was 4.19 %w/w. Moreover, in carrot, Linoleic acid was the major component followed by Palmitic acid, Linolenic acid, Oleic acid, Stearic acid, -Linolenic acid, and fatty acid total was 37.65% w/w, whereas fat content of carrot was 2.21% w/w. Inhibition zone of clove for E. coli at concentration between 2.5%, 5%, and 10% showed the same response (6 mm),and was lower than that of positive control chloramphenicol (7.69 mm), however, for S. aureus inhibition zone at concentration 10% (8.64 mm) was almost the same with positive control (10.52 mm). Inhibition zone of carrot for E. coli at concentration 2.5% was the same with positive control (9.75 mm), moreover, for S. aureus at concentration 10% was lower than positive control but still proved effective against bacteria. It can be concluded that clove flower was better as natural antimicrobials for E. coli and carrot was for S. aureus. So, clove and carrot can be used as feed additives in broiler diet.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Tsvetelina DIMITROVA, Svetoslava STOYCHEVA, Silviya IVANOVA

It has been investigated the fatty acid composition of white brine cheese on the 45th day of the ripening process, produced from goat's milk from three groups of animals: Bulgarian White Dairy (BWD) breed and its crosses with Anglo-Nubian (BWD x AN) and Togenburg (BWD x TG) breeds during the lactation. An assessment has been made of the fatty acid composition in milk fat on the product as a healthy source for human nutrition. MUFAs predominate in the cheese from the crosses of BWD x AN breed- 25.87 g/100 g fat and PUFAs in the cheese from purebred goats- 3.39 g/100 g fat. The biologically important ratio of omega-6/omega-3 in the analyzed batches (2.91-3.09) is kept within the limits of optimal values (up to 5) according to modern notions of rational nutrition. The lipid preventive score is highest in BWD cheese- 61.47 g/100 g cheese, and the AI and TI in BWD x TG cheese - 2.62, 2.75. The analyzed cheeses from three goat groups are defined as products with low content of trans fatty acids and high content of SFA.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Rodica Diana CRISTE, Margareta OLTEANU, Arabela Elena UNTEA, Mariana ROPOTA, Iulia VARZARU, Alexandra LUPU

Four plants have been characterized physico-chemical as vegetal phytoadditives (blueberry leaves, walnut leaves, marigold and buckthorn meal) in order to determine their nutritional value for inclusion in laying hens diets as possible alternatives to the use of antibiotics in poultry feed. Chemical determinations revealed a variable protein content ranging between 6.76% (blueberry leaves) and 14.14% (buckthorn meal). Marigolds had significantly higher iron content (1262.54 ppm) and blueberry leaves showed high concentrations of manganese (1410.10 ppm) and zinc (40.37 ppm). The walnut leaves were characterized by high concentrations of: calcium (2.01%), lutein + zeaxanthin (264.10 ppm), total polyphenols (53.94 mg EAG/g) and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially α-linolenic acid (13.45 g/100 g total fatty acids). The studied phytoadditives will be evaluated in a digestibility trial for their nutritional assessment in laying hens diets.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Alexandru POPESCU, Geanina VLASE, Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Cătălin PĂUN, Magda-Ioana NENCIU

As a result of the increasingly concern of people regarding the food safety, different public media focused on the data collected from reference laboratories inducing a false perception regarding the threat of sea food consumption. Starting with the Minamata disaster more and more people became worried about the sea water pollution with heavy metals. Using the reference data of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs and the Codex Alimentarius, 21 fish species from sea water or freshwater were studied for Cd, Mg and Pb. The data were collected from specialized laboratories during the following years: 2016 and 2017. The obtained results were in the acceptable limits for European standards. For 67 of 110 samples the value of LOD/LOQ could not be determined. These data are correlated with the water tests made in the last years, which shows a general decrease of the heavy metal pollution in sea waters.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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