Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Daniel COCAN, Bogdan UDRESCU, George MUNTEAN, Radu CONSTANTINESCU, Paul UIUIU, Alexandru - Sabin NICULA, Arsene Mathieu HOUSSOU, Călin LAŢIU, Vioara MIREŞAN

In the present study we analyzed fish species composition and diversity indices of Iara River (Cluj County). A total number of 189 specimens belonging to 9 species and 4 families were caught, using single pass electrofishing techniques. A total number of 11 sampling sectors were established. Our results were compared to previous studies and show changes in species distribution and diversity indices, due to environmental changes caused by climate changes and anthropic activities. We noticed the absence of the Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and Stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) mentioned in previous studies, and the first record of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) in Iara River catchment. Also, the Caps dam (Iara – Fântânele deviation) blocks the upstream migration of Common bullhead (Cottus gobio). The calculated diversity indices (Shannon H', Simpson 1-D, Margalef Md, Berger-Parker d and Evenness J') show a low species diversity. This is the result of intense anthropic activities such as deforestation, dam construction and habitat fragmentation, even though the upper sector of Iara River is integrated in Natura 2000 protection areas.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Doina MARGARITTI, Florica BUSURICU, Sirma TOMOS

The pharmaceutical market faces a new trend that has both social and economic effects. Thus, in addition to the quantitative and value-development of the normal market held by medicines and drug solutions, this is multiplied by the development of the niche of food supplements but also of gemotherapeutic products. In the category of consumers, besides traditional ones representing human patients, it can be found with a growing share and users like animals. If, in the patients' situation, their use has become quite accurate, medical practice has allowed us to extend this use to animals as an effective and safe alternative to administering different gemotherapies in accordance with their constitutions. Gem derivatives can also be used effectively in animals as they are no toxicity and are easy to administer, prescribed individually or in combination. Thus, gemotherapy can be a therapeutic method for animals not only for humans, because they use diluted decimation solutions of hydroglycero alcoholic macerates from fresh vegetable extracts represented by meristematic tissues: jams, young branches, buds, young roots, avenues, internal roots of roots , shell of young branches, seeds or other embryonic plant tissues found in the growing phase. The use of gemoderivatives in the treatment of effects in animals allows the limitation of the use of chemically synthesized drugs which, despite their effectiveness, lead to the occurrence of side effects. Thus, the alternative to treatment with gemotherapies and animals is one with various implications both in terms of diversity and uniqueness of treatment, as well as financial implications for those who use them, but also for the economic entities that produce them, as well as for the pharmacies that issue and collect the price them.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Răzvan Alexandru POPA, Dana Cătălina POPA, Marius MAFTEI, Livia VIDU, Monica MARIN, Nicoleta DEFTA, Carmen NICOLAE, Elena POGURSCHI

The Pinzgau breed in Romania (known as Pinzgau from Transylvania) is a very valuable genetic resource, and can be found mainly in the NW of the Carpathian Mountains, the Dornelor basin with the Bucovina High Hills (Obcinele Bucovinene), SW of Transylvania. In the absence of a coherent active conservation program, this resource may disappear at any time. In our opinion, the major vulnerability of the Pinzgau breed is the indiscriminate infusions with Red Holstein or Simmental, as a consequence of the lack of firm actions to preserve the genetic heritage. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk somatic cells count, character that significantly affect the health of animals and milk constituents that gives its quality. Also, this character could allow a selection of individuals in the direction of resistance to mastitis. A total 252 milk yield and associated characters records, belonging to 63 females from Suceava County, which coming from 8 sire families, for 4 lactations were analyzed. In the absence of consistent data, the paternal origin of females was established after ear tags. The method used for genetic parameters estimates was REML. Study has revealed the existence of a poor genetic determinism for somatic cell count and a high variability of character analyzed according to number of lactation. The results indicate that environmental factors have a greater contribution to the phenotypic manifestation of character. So, the number of somatic cells must be exclusively an indicator of milk hygiene and not included in selection for mastitis resistance of Romanian Pinzgau within active conservation program.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Madalina DAVIDESCU, Bianca MADESCU, Mitica CIORPAC, Lucian DASCALU, Teodor BUGEAC, Andrei MATEI, Ioana POROSNICU, Steofil CREANGA

The present work aims to review the most important aspects regard to genomic characterization of Pinzgau cattle breed. In Romania, this cattle breed is part of the country´s genetic and cultural heritage and faces the impact of bottleneck and the lack of diversity due to a significant decline in population. Natural populations´ genetic structure is influenced by a limited gene flow that occurs when the geographic distances between them increase. In our country, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) maintained the status of ' endangered-maintained ' cattle breed in 2000 considered to be threatened with extinction. This paper wants to highlight the fact that the conservation of this breed is a national priority and also, reviews the most relevant information in the literature on the genetic diversity of this cattle breed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Ion BUZU, Silvia EVTODIENCO, Petru LIUŢKANOV

The purpose of the present research was to reveal and evidence the genotypic particularities of the type(race) of sheep Moldavian Karakul. The experiments were performed on sheep populations from the Experimental Household of the National Institute of Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine (INZMV), and from the Agricultural Cooperative of Production "Agrosargal", Republic of Moldova. Research they demonstrated that the hereditary capabilities of the Moldavian Karakul sheep are well genetically consolidated and are constantly transmitted through descent. In particular, the morpho-productive characters, which determine the quality of the furskin, have significant genotypic (mother-descendant) correlations, such as: loop length (r=0.47±0.08; tr=5.9; P<0.001); extension of the loop (r=0.45±0.09; tr=5.6; P<0.001); silk fiber (r=0.40±0.09; tr=4.4; P<0.001); fiber luster (r=0.30±0.10; tr=3,0; P<0,01); fiber length (r=0.30±0.10; tr=3.0; P<0.01); body length of lamb at birth (r=0.36±0.02; tr=18.0; P<0.001); body mass of lamb at birth (r=0.30±0.03; tr=10.0; P<0.001) and evaluation class (r=0.48±0.07; tr=6.8; P<0.001). The large body mass of the sheep (meat production aptitude) is constantly transmitted through heredity. There is an obvious genotypic correlation between this character of the father-rams and the young-descendants (r=0.55±0.09). The heritability coefficient of body mass is not high (²=0.3), but quite significant (tr=2.6; P<0.01). The value of the repeatability coefficient (rw) of body mass at different ages of young sheep and adult sheep is 0.23–0.47. The consolidated genotypic capacities of the Moldavian Karakul sheep are also manifested in the transmission through heredity milk production. The value of the heritability coefficient (²) of this character is not high, but quite significant (²=0.316; P<0.001). Most breeding rams have valuable hereditary capabilities. Out of the total 112 rams tested for descendants qualities, 30 rams were recognized as improvers, which is 26.8%. The genotypic qualities of improvers have been repeatedly confirmed. The type of sheep Moldavian Karakul possesses a karyotype with specific genetic characteristics, which is identified by the classical Asian Karakul race and the local race Tusca, after the erythrocyte antigenic markers of the 7 blood groups (A, B, C, D, M , R and I), which include 15 erythrocyte antigens (Aa, Ab, Bb, Bd, Bg, Be, Bi, Ca, Cb, Da, Ma, R, O, I and i). Moldavian Karakul sheep are characterized by a high frequency (0.6005-0.9504) of antigens Bb, Bd, Bg, Be, Ca, Cb, Da, Ma, O and I, a medium frequency (0.3447-0.5796) of antigens Aa and R, as well as a reduced frequency (0.0496-0.2260) of antigens Ab, Bi and i. In the diagram of the genetic clusters, the sheep population Moldavian Karakul occupies an intermediate position in cluster B with the genetic distance of 0.2586, located between the two related populations, as is the local breed Tusca of the cluster A with the genetic distance of 0.1280 and, the race Asian Karakul from cluster C with genetic distance of 0.3154. In the population studied were found 136 genotypes and 48 genetic allele with specific frequencies. The degree of homozygosity of the investigated population constitutes 0.58, which shows sufficient genetic consolidation for the growth "in itself".

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Enrico VAGNONI, Alberto S. ATZORI, Mauro DECANDIA, Giovanni B. CONCU, Stefano TRONCI, Antonello FRANCA, Domenico USAI, Pierpaolo DUCE

Sardinia (Italy),one of the main European regions for sheep milk production and where a broad variety of dairy sheep farming systems coexist, can represent a special context for testing strategies of climate change mitigation for the small ruminant sector. The Sheep ToShip LIFE - Looking for an eco-sustainable sheep supply chain is a EU project launched in 2016 to develop and implement an intervention model for the sheep-dairy supply chain of Sardinia, able to reduce GHG emissions by 20% over the next 10 years through eco-innovative actions. The core of Sheep ToShip LIFE strategy is the evaluation, with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, of the environmental impacts of the main Sardinian dairy sheep farming and manufacturing systems by using a case study methodology. The project’s goal seems technically feasible by increasing farm efficiency at both flock and field levels. However, the greening of the dairy sheep sector strongly depends on attractive agro-environmental measures (based on effective eco-innovation criteria) within the next Rural Development Plan.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Daniela Cristina IBĂNESCU, Adina POPESCU, Aurelia NICA

The objective of this study was to estimate growth and mortality parameters of the Pike perch population (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Danube River (kmD 197 – kmD 170) and to assess the effects of fishing on this stocks. This study was performed on 175 specimens of pike perch caught in 2015.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships: length – weight (L - W), to estimate the growth parameters (von Bertalanffy) L∞, k, and the mortality rates (Z, M, F) for the pike perch population. The relationship between length – weight (L – W) found isW=0

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Vasil NIKOLOV, Svetoslav KARAMFILOV

The growth of female calves of the Aberdeen Angus cattle breed was studied in a certified organic farm. The animals were weighed on a monthly basis. It was ascertained that the calves are born with a live weight of approximately 31.6 ± 0.81 kg, upon weaning at 210 days they weigh 204.0 ± 5.93 kg, at 15 months - 363.7 ± 13.04 kg, and at 18 months - 433.0 ± 11.57 kg. The average daily individual gain widely varies reaching up to 2.090 kg. The growth of the animals as a whole and within the different age groups is influenced by the year, season and month of birth. Upon joint examination of the age-year-season and age-year-month factors, however, the effect of the separate factors “dillutes” and the complex influence may be considered unreliable. The female calves which are bred naturally under the conditions in Bulgaria, regardless of the gain fluctuations during the different periods, reach an optimal servicing live weight (330-360 kg) at an optimal age (15-16 months).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Evgeniya ACHKAKANOVA, Tania MINKOVA, Vasil NIKOLOV

The present study examines the growth of lambs of the Ile-de-France breed from birth to weaning (at 70 days old). The research involves 1662 lambs born in the period 2017-2018. The animals are bred under similar technological conditions in three farms located in Northern Bulgaria which are controlled by the Ile-de-France Breeders Association in Bulgaria (AILFB). It has been ascertained that the male lambs are born with an average live weight of 4.531 ± 0.042 kg, they reach 14.90 ± 0.078 kg at 30 days old, and 27.31 ± 0.155 at 70 days old, while the female lambs - 4.462 ± 0.043, 14.74 ± 0.085, and 27.56 ± 0.158, respectively. The gender is not a reliable source of variation regarding this parameter. The farm, year, season and month of birth, father and mother factors have a complex interrelationship but, as a whole, the farm and the father are the factors which influence significantly the live weight of lambs at birth and their growth until 70 days old. It has been established that it is possible the growth of lambs to be regulated by modelling the genetic and environmental factors influencing it.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Lyudmila NIKOLOVA, Stanimir BONEV

The study clarifies the growth of Siberian Sturgeon, Russian Sturgeon and their hybrid grown on an industrial cage farm. Three groups within each genotype of male individuals with different initial body weight were formed, as follows: Russian Sturgeon - I - 2.504±0.060 kg; II - 3.042±0.063 kg; III - 3.693±0.074 kg; Siberian Sturgeon - I - 1.395±0.034 kg; II - 2.277±0.065 kg; III - 2.925±0.066 kg; Hybrid (Siberian Sturgeon x Russian Sturgeon) – I - 2.081±0.050 kg; II - 3.049±0.051 kg; III - 3.704±0.058 kg. It was found that in I and II group of Siberian Sturgeon the relative growth for the whole period was practically the same, respectively 59.1 and 57.9%. The fish from group III had a significantly smaller growth (24.6%). In Russian sturgeon, in the case of fish that are growing slower at the beginning of the growing season, a mechanism for compensatory growth is established. The smallest fish grew best at the beginning of the period and the second and the fish from third group grew at the end of the growing season. In this species, the total relative growth in group I was 39.5%, group II - 15.2%, group III - 12.0%. The relative growth over the whole period in the hybrid of I, II, III groups was 75.3%, respectively; 23.7%, 26.7%.

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