ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA, Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Diana KIRIN

During 2018, the first ecologoparasitologycal study of Squalius cephalus from Osym River, a tributary of Danube River, Bulgaria was made. In 20 specimens of examined common chub, 3 species of endohelminths are established (Ichtyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Dubois, 1937 Metacercaria; Caryophyllaeus brachycollis Janiszewska, 1951; Rhabdochona denudatа (Dujardin, 1845) Raillet, 1916). C. brachycollis and Rh. denudatа are autogenic species, whereas I. pileatus isallogenic species. I. pileatus is reported for the first time for the freshwater fish fauna of Osym River. Sq. cephalusis a new host record for I. pileatus in Bulgaria. The basic ecological characteristics and biotic indices of the parasite populations and communities are determined. The dominant structure of the endohelminth communities is presented on the level of the component community.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Laura URDES, Richmond LOH, Cristiana DIACONESCU

Midge larvae, brine shrimp and Culex spp. larvae are important food items for many fin fishes, including Altum Angelfish. Chitin, the unbranched polymer present in the exoskeleton of arthropods, is not easily digestible by all fish species. Its edibility may also depend on variations of environmental factors to which fish are exposed, like acidic water. This is an unusual case of multifocal granulomatous pharyngitis and gastritis in Altum Angelfish, possibly caused by ingestion of mosquito (Culex spp.) larvae and exposure of the fish to highly acidic water (pH below 5.0). The microscopic examination of the larvae fed to the angelfish showed that the foreign bodies which caused the granulomatous reactions were exoskeleton residues of the Culex spp. larvae. However, the effect of acidic water on the integrity of the digestive tract of angelfish and the possible structural changes of the Culex larvae exoskeleton under these circumstances need to be demonstrated.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Andrei PUIE, Ion RĂDUCUȚĂ, Alexandra POLIOPOL, Cornel FRUJINĂ, Ion CĂLIN

Homologation of a new sheep breed represents the appreciation of the genetic potential of an animal population obtained from the application of the amelioration process. Homologation aims to recognize new populations as breeds, or populations that are already existing and are non-homologated, in order to increase the biological diversity of animal breeds and to adapt the animal breeding directions to market requirements. The homologation process involves research and testing of animals of high production value, and approval is done by the national competent authority in animal breeding that certifies the performance of the population under investigation. The study was conducted with the main objective to describe the procedures and conditions for the homologation of sheep breeds, as well as the presentation of existing legislation at national and European level, the regulations and directives repealed so far on the homologation of new sheep breeds. Regulation (EU) 1012/2016 is to be applied in national legislation by amending it in accordance with the updated European provisions which entered into force on 1 November 2018. In this context, with regard to recognition of breed societies and breeding operations, the competent authority must ensure that they update the breeding programs of breeds in accordance with Regulation 1012/2016 and that the breeding programs already submitted will be checked in accordance with the requirements of the legislation and the established principles of breeding so that all breeding programs of sheep breeds must to comply the conditions, criteria and rules contained in the updated European Regulation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Cătălin Emilian NISTOR, Vasile BĂCILĂ, Iulia VĂRZARU MAROŞ, Gabriel Vasile HOHA, Benone PĂSĂRIN

Trout meat has sensory features and high nutritional value. The aim of the present study was to identify differences in the proximate composition, amino acid composition of three breeds (brown, brook and rainbow trout) reared under the same conditions in north eastern region of Romania. Chemical samples composition were determined using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. The moisture content recorded oscillated between 72.98 and 76.14 g, protein content of trout meat ranged between 17.37 and 19.31 g, the determined lipid content was between 4.41 and 5.82 g, and measured ash was between 1.11 and 1.21gfrom trout’s flesh. The amount of essential aminoacids ranged between 26.49 and 28.08%. Among amino acids, the glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, leucine and lysine were predominant. The measured essential to nonessential (E/NS) ratio for the trout flesh ranged between 71.73 and 75.87%. The present study demonstrate that trout meat is a highly source of protein and contains essential amino acids for promoting good health, prevention and healing of diseases in humans.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Valentina CEBOTARI, Ion BUZU, Olga POSTOLACHI

The purpose of this paper was to determine the correlation between the monthly average atmospheric air temperature values at different periods of the year and the evolution of the valuie morpho-productive characters of the bee families, thereby elucidating the impact of climate change on the vital activity of bee colonies Apis mellifera. The scientific researches were carried out at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, located in the central part of Moldavian Codri. Research results have demonstrated that there are positive correlations between the atmospheric air temperature in October of the last year and January of this year and the wintering resistance of the bees colonies (rxy = 0.469 and 0.768). High temperatures of atmospheric air in July, August and September have a negative impact on the wintering resistance of bee families in the next year (rxy = -0.479; -0.699 and -0.494). The prolificity of queens is positively influenced by January temperatures (rxy = 0.464 ± 0.076; tr = 6.11; P <0.001). Air temperature in February, April and June correlates negatively with the prolificity of queens, estimated in June (rxy = -0.594; -0.795 and -0.461). High temperatures in July and September negatively influence the prolificity of queens in the following year (rxy = -0.531 and -0.711). Colony strength, evaluated in June, is negatively influenced by air temperatures in April and June (rxy = -0.603; -0.691), also correlated with air temperature in September of the last year (rxy = - 0.60; tr = 2.71; P <0.01), as well as positive one with October of the same year (rxy = 0.517; tr = 2.00; P <0.05). The viability of the bee brood is positively influenced by the January and February air temperatures (rxy = 0.495 and 0.511), and - negative in the May (rxy = -0.548, tr = 2.22, P <0.05). Overall, the annual average air temperature positively influence the viability of the brood (rxy = 0.833; tr = 7.71; P <0.001). Honey production, appreciated at the end of June, tends to be positively influenced by the atmospheric air temperature in January (rxy = 0.488; tr = 1.81; P <0.1) and, negatively, by the temperature in June (rxy = -0.497; tr = 1.87; P <0.1). Atmospheric air temperatures in July and September have a negative impact on honey production in the next year (rxy = -0.548 and - 0.684; tr = 2.22 and 3.64; P <0.05 and <0.001); but in October has a positive impact on this production (rxy = 0.513; tr = 2.00; P <0.05).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Constanta Laura AUGUSTIN (ZUGRAVU), Ecaterina Daniela ZECA, Gheorghe Adrian ZUGRAVU, Norhayati ABDULLAH

The aim of this paper is to present economic impact of cultivation method and optimizing resources. The presence of high quality natural and semi-natural habitats on farms and in agricultural landscapes such as: strips of honey plants interspersed in agricultural crops, wooded areas, living hedges and the edges of grassy fields are essential for the survive al of wild bees. The paper scientifically argues why pollination of agricultural crops should be based primarily on wild bee herds that need to be protected. By integrating beekeeping into aquaponics systems, reducing transhumance is transformed from a compensatory measure of production losses into a measure of increasing productivity and stimulating sustainable economic development with positive effects on environmental resources and thus providing the opportunity to conserve biodiversity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Robert MIHAI, Gheorghe Emil MĂRGINEAN, Monica Paula MARIN, Ayman Abdel Mohsen HASSAN2 Iuliana MARIN, Gina FÎNTÎNERU, Livia VIDU

The concept of "precision livestock farming" represents the optimization of the contribution of each animal to the integrated economy of the farm. During more than three decades of applied research, precision zootechnics has gone through several stages, namely from process automation, developed to reduce human labor, to focusing attention on monitoring animal needs (health, well-being). All information collected at the farm level has the role of supporting the farmer in making optimal and fast decisions, in accordance with the animal's condition and the efficiency of the farm. Sensor technologies are being used to monitor the production and physiological condition of the animals, thereby contributing to animal welfare, animal health and food safety. Farm management is assisted by sensor systems collecting information about milk production, reproduction and animal health status. Increasingly, these innovations are leading to a more efficient performance of dairy farms, in terms of both physiology and profitability.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela SARACILA, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Dumitru DRAGOTOIU

The paper presents the effect of a dietary phytogenic mixture on intestinal microflora of broilers raised under thermoneutral conditions (TN) and heat stress (HS). The feeding trials were conducted on 120 Cobb 500 broilers (60 chicks/trial) raised in environmentally- controlled digestibility cages. Up to 14 days the chicks were fed a conventional diet. On the 14th day, they were divided in four homogeneous groups (2 groups/ trial, 30 chicks/ group). In the first trial, two groups (C-TN and PM-TN) were kept in TN. In the second trial, two other groups (C-HS and PM-HS) were kept in HS (32°C). Both trials used the same structure of diets. Compared with the control diet (C), the experimental diet (PM) included the addition of 1% phytogenic mixture (bilberry leaves, peppermint leaves, fennel leaves and sea buckthorn meal). Both in TN and HS, dietary PM lowered the number of staphylococci and increased the lactobacilli populations in the intestinal and caecal content. E. coli populations have decreased only in the intestinal content of broilers fed PM diet. In conclusion, dietary PM could be an efficient alternative to modulate the intestinal microflora of broilers even in heat stress conditions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Mihaela SARACILA, Margareta OLTEANU, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE

This study aims to discuss the various applications of phytoadditives (basil, thyme, sage) in broiler nutrition. Nowadays, commercial development of plants as natural sources of antioxidants or antimicrobials both to enhance animal health, performance and nutrient digestibility is of current interest. Plants as basil, thyme and sage have been studied countless times for their chemical composition, being rich in bioactive compounds, vitamins, minerals, etc. Consequently, in recent years, these plants have gained attention in their use in the diet of animals, including birds. This review showed that plants as basil, thyme and sage are valuable feed supplements for broilers that can improve the performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass and meat quality, gut health and overall health.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Birol KILIÇ, Azim ŞİMŞEK, Damla BİLECEN ŞEN, Abdullah KADAYIFÇI

Protecting consumer health through improving food safety and quality has been an increased focus for both food processors and researchers. Meat and meat product manufacture is vital step for occurrence of microbial contamination in a ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products. Contamination of RTE meat products with pathogenic microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, or spoilage microorganisms like Pseudomonas spp. can creates life-threatening foodborne illnesses for consumers or causes consumers to avoid meat purchase. In addition, spoilage microorganism contamination in RTE meat products impairs sensory quality, intensifies perishability of these products, and reduces their shelf life. Therefore, foodborne outbreaks cause recalls and negative publicity which can result in a decrease in meat and meat purchases by consumers. Therefore, meat processors and researchers constantly searching for strategies to control potential biohazards in RTE meat products. Various food additives are utilized in the product formulations to control the growth of undesirable microorganisms in muscle foods. Polyphosphates (PP) are commonly used in various meat product processing for their beneficial effects such as improved water binding capacity and cooking yield, accelerated curing process, reduced lipid oxidation and improved textural attributes. PP also have the capability of inhibiting the growth of several Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. Inhibitory effect of PP is associated with pH decrease (acidic PP such as sodium acid pyrophosphate, SPP), formation of complexes with metal ions required for microbial cell division, disruption of microbial cell wall integrity and acceleration of oxidative stress. Inhibitory effect of PP is directly related to their chain length. Longer-chain length PP have superior antimicrobial capability on Gram-positive bacteria compared to shorter-chain length PP. Phosphatase enzymes naturally found in raw meat material have a ability to hydrolyze PP into shorter-chain length PP or orthophosphates. As a result of this reaction, PP may loss some of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Encapsulation is very promising technology for protecting PP from enzymatic hydrolysis caused phosphatases by enrobing PP into capsules. Previous studies demonstrated that encapsulated (e) PP maintained antioxidant capabilities of PP in muscle foods. Therefore, this review study summarizes studies about utilization of ePP to improve antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of PP in meat and meat products.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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