ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769, ISSN-L 2285-5750, ISSN Online: 2393 – 2260
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Veysel Ali ÜNAL, Atakan KOÇ

Behaviors of Holstein-Friesian (HF), Brown Swiss (BS) and Simmental (SIM) bulls were determined under the Mediterranean conditions for a period of six months. A total of35 bulls were fed in two groups (10 HF and 8 BS in group I and 10 SIM and 7 HF bulls in group II). At the time of high feed consumption, the tendency to drink water from all breeds was also high and HF bulls had higher drinking and elimination behavior rates than those of BS and SIMbulls especially in hot summer months. All breeds preferred to perform locomotor activities late in the evening during the hot summer months. The bulls decreased feeding, standing and locomotion activities during hot hours at a lower rate or postponed these behaviors to the cooler hours of the day, but they increased lying and rumination activities in those hours. While HF bulls were more affected by higher temperatures than SIM and BS bulls, taking precautions against high temperature on farms level would lead to increase the fattening performance and also the welfare of the bulls.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Dragos Florin COSTACHESCU, Paul Corneliu BOIȘTEANU, Gabriel HOHA, Răzvan Mihail RADU-RUSU

Somatometry helps characterize morphological carcasses and their commercial classification. Research has revealed differences in age and sex, both in morphological aspects of the carcass and at slaughter. The measurements on the carcass at the 45-day-old youth showed differences in the size of the thigh, forefoot and forearm in favor of the cocks. The other dimensions, namely the length of the clavicular bone, the width of the casing and its angle as well as the perimeter of the casing had values in favor of the pucks. At the age of 60 days, the measurements showed small differences in the main measurements in the two sexes. It is noted the length of the carcass length that recorded different values in the two age periods, respectively in males, the values oscillated between 107.00 ± 0.71mm at 45 days and at 111.87 ± 1.71, at 60 days, and in females at 107.43 ± 2.12mm, at 123.88 ± 2.61mm, at the same time. Also, the perimeter of the carcass had different values at the two analyzed ages and by sex, so at 45 days the values were in males of 163.50 ± 1.01mm and 60 days respectively of 170.55 ± 1.11mm. In females the values were 170.00 ± 1.11 mm at 45 days and 174.75 ± 0.55mm at 60 days. At sacrifice the differences were determined both the age, sex, and quail weight. Sexual dimorphism is favorable to females, causing the results obtained at slaughter to favor both the weight of the carcasses and its anatomical portions. At the age of 60 days, was determined a higher amount of abdominal fat both females and males, respectively 5.33 ± 0.21 g in females and 3.66 ± 0.11 g in males. In adult quail, carcass dimensions recorded comparable values to those recorded in youth at the age of 60, while gender differences remained. At adult sacrifice, the live weight was over 300g in both genders, so in chickens it was 358.70 ± 7.19g and in males 316.40 ± 5.01 g. We have determined higher weights at the chest with bone and socket harvested from adults, compared to the youth, bouth males and females. We note in this category a beautifully conformed carcass, with a fat content of both the subcutaneous and the abdomen in a larger amount in females than in males, the cause being hormonal.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Tsvetomira BANCHEVA, Svetoslava STOYCHEVA, Tsvetelina DIMITROVA, Nikolay MARKOV

In the temperate zone, sheep show an annual rhythm in their reproduction with alternating estrous and anestrous periods. In both seasons, biotechnical methods for intensification of the reproductive process include synchronization of estrous and ovulation through non-hormonal and hormonal methods and insemination. In sheep breeding practice, two methods of insemination are applied - natural and artificial insemination Factors influencing the efficiency of fertilization are: breed, age, season, feeding, physical condition of sheep and rams, method of synchronization, dose of gonadotropic preparation, method of insemination, time and frequency of insemination, use of fresh, chilled or frozen semen. In both methods of insemination, it is necessary to create good organization and control. The objective of the present review is to examine and summarize the factors influencing the result of the application of natural or artificial insemination of sheep.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Octavia TAMAS-KRUMPE, Rodica MĂRGĂOAN, Otilia BOBIȘ, Călin LAŢIU, Adriana URCAN, Laurenț OGNEAN

Honey, the sweet natural substance produced by honeybees is currently considered one of the nature’s most powerful products. Natural honey can be regarded as a nutraceutical product due to its nutritional benefits and therapeutic promises. In addition to this, the use of honey as food and medicine has been embraced by different civilizations, from ancient times to the present, transcending the barriers of cultural and religious beliefs. The aim of the present review was to highlight and summarize some of the numerous medicinal attributes of honey, apart from its nutritional profile, that can contribute to its framing as nutraceutical agent. In this regard, it was proved that honey can promote metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, oral and bone health, haematological beneficial effects, anticancer activity. Moreover, evidence has been found for the use of honey as an alternative cure in several skin disorders.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Diana KIRIN, Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA

During summer 2018, 29 specimens of bleak (Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758)) from Maritsa River were collected and examined with standard techniques for parasites. Helminth parasites were recorded in 24 bleak specimens (82.75%) from Maritsa River. Five species of parasites were identified: one trematode species (Allocreadium isoporum (Looss, 1984)), two cestode species (Caryophyllaeus brachycollis Janiszewska, 1951, Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)); one acantocephalan species (Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776)) and one nematode species (Rhabdochona denudatа (Dujardin, 1845; Raillet, 1916). The analysis of the dominant structure of the found parasite species is presented to the component and infracommunities level. In the component community of Alburnus alburnus from Maritsa River C. brachycollis, P. laevis and, R. denudatа are corespecies. L. intestinalisis component parasite species and A. isoporum is accidental parasite species for the helminth communities of bleak. The infracommunities data was used to be fixed principal biotic indices. Bioindicator significance of established parasite species was discussed for ecological evaluation of the state of the studied freshwater ecosystem.New data for the helminths and helminth communities of bleak from Maritsa River are presented.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Radoslava ZAHARIEVA, Diana KIRIN

In the spring, summer and autumn of 2019, ecoparasitological studies were conducted on 165 specimens of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Danube River (Koshava, Kudelin and Novo selo villages, Vidin region). The species diversity of parasites of the bleak was determined. Seven species of parasites were identified: 4 species of Trematoda (Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928), Allocreadium isoporum (Looss, 1894), Posthodiplostomum cuticola (von Nordmann, 1832), Sphaerostomum bramae (Müller, 1776)), one species of Cestoda (Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (Wedl, 1855), larvae), one species of Acanthocephala (Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776)) and one species of Nematoda (Contracaecum sp., larvae). In the spring the dominant species was the trematode A. isoporum, detected in 9 specimens of A. alburnus from the Koshava biotope. The dominant parasite species in summer and autumn was the trematode P. cuticola. A. alburnus is a new host for S. bramae and N. cheilancristrotus, from the studied river ecosystem. The structure of the parasite communities of the bleak from the investigated section of the freshwater ecosystem of the Danube River was presented.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Diana KIRIN

During the summer of 2017, 10 specimens of freshwater bream (Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)) from the Bulgarian part of the Lower Danube River were examined with standard techniques for parasites. Helminth parasites were recorded in 9 freshwater bream specimens (90.00%) from the Danube River. Five species of parasites were identified: one cestode species Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781), two trematode species from family Monorchiidae (Asymphylodora imitans (Mühling, 1898); Palaeorchis incognitus (Szidat, 1943)), one acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776) and one nematode species Rhabdochona denudata (Dujardin, 1845). All established helminth species are autogenic species, matured in fish. In the component community of Abramis brama from Danube River P. laevis, P. incognitus and R. denudata are core species. A. imitans and C. laticeps are component parasite species for the helminth communities of A. brama. The established in this study parasite species are discussed and compared with previous researches of parasite communities of A. brama from River Danube in Bulgaria. As a result of this study is presented new data for helminths and helminth communities of A. brama.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Mara GEORGESCU, Ștefania Mariana RAITA

The antimicrobial effects of Nigella sativa have been studied in vitro and in vivo, against various microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Salmonella etc. Recent studies proved antimicrobial effects of Nigella sativa seed oil (NSSO) against various contaminant bacteria in cheese. Due to promising results concerning NSSO effect against bacteria in brined cheese, this study tested NSSO effect against naturally occurring Staphylococcus spp. which contaminates kneaded, sheep´s milk Romanian cheese. Three batches of traditionally manufactured raw milk kneaded cheese were considered: control cheese without NSSO and cheese samples enriched with 0.1 and 0.2 w/w NSSO. Staphylococcus spp. enumeration revealed a descending trend in CFU/g throughout the ripening period, for all batches of cheese. The counts were lower for the 0.1% w/w NSSO cheeses than for the control batch, but no statistical significance could be attributed to this difference (p-value - 0.57). However, for the 0.2% w/w NSSO batch of cheeses, Staphylococcus count registered noticeable decrease, and the results were statistically significant (p-value - 0.048), and no colonies were obtained by the end of the ripening period.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Cosmin ȘONEA, Flory REVNIC, Cristian Romeo REVNIC

Skeletal muscle is a very good model for fundamental research of aging process due to its postmitotic character. In order to obtain new data concerning muscle contraction at the molecular level, the polar groups of contractile proteins have been investigated by means of 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Glycerinated Sartorius muscle from 6 and 37 months old rats has been used for proton transverse relaxation time measurements in Ri, Co and Re at different [ATP]. The distribution of negative charges in contraction and relaxation has been measured by exposing glycerinated muscle from 6 to 37 months old rats to different [Mn2+]. Our data have pointed out the existence of two proton relaxation tines: T2s and T21 accounted for two water compartments. The modifications in water state are related with modifications in contractile activity. The elongation odd proton transverse relaxation time is associated with a decrease in the degree of water molecules aggregation. T2s and T2l are correlated with a reduction in muscle hydration, contraction being a function of ions binding to the protein sites. These sites are implicated in determination of protein hydration state.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Iuliana MARIN, Nicolae GOGA

The current study aims to advise the alimentation of pregnant women who suffer from preeclampsia, because we live in a society which is characterized by speed and an impact needs to be done over the nutritional behaviour of the women expecting babies. Pregnant women should take care of their alimentation and acknowledge the health consequences which might appear. Fast food and soft drinks have to be avoided for a healthy life style, as well as during pregnancy. The statistical data regarding the nutrition and medicine for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia is retrieved from the World Health Organization. In the paper have been analyzed several trials done on a number of persons which varied according to the comparison criteria. Machine learning is used for the pregnant women to assess their dietary habits based on their daily meals and taken medicine descriptions which are written in natural language. As a conclusion, salt restriction, antioxidants, calcium, vitamin D supplementation, antiplatelets have been some of the most frequent recommendations.

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© 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE. To be cited: SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE.

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